The village of Kala Balta in Kyrgyzstan. Kara-Balta is one of the youngest cities in Kyrgyzstan. How to get there

The Zhaiyl district of the Chui region of Kyrgyzstan occupies 3028 km². 92,645 people live in twelve settlements of the Zhaiyl district. The city of Kara-Balta is its administrative center. The name of the city is translated from Kyrgyz as “black axe”. Directories of Kara-Balta specify that throughout its history it was a trading settlement: in the 6th-8th centuries, called Nuzket, it was a trading center on the Great Silk Road; at the beginning of the 20th century, numerous artels were located here; since 1975 it has become a large industrial center of the Chui region. Previously it was called Mikoyan and Kalininskoye. Formed in 1825, it received city status in 1975. The map of Kara-Balta shows that it is located at the foot of the Ala-Too slope at an altitude of 700-750 meters. It is bordered by the Kara-Balta River, which originates at the confluence of the mountain rivers Tuyu, Abla, and Kol. 37.8 thousand people live on the territory of Kara-Balta.

Industrial enterprises and organizations of Kara-Balta are represented by the Kara-Balta Mining Combine - the largest processing of uranium-containing ore in Central Asia. This complex also produces molybdenum, rhenium, tungsten, tin, silver, and barite. The city is the largest transport hub in the region. The Tashkent-Taraz-Bishkek-Balykchy railway line and the Tashkent-Bishkek-Almaty highway run through here. Highways running along the right bank of the Kara-Balta River are of great importance for the economic and social development of the city. Many firms and companies of Kara-Balta are engaged in logistics and transportation. Small and medium-sized businesses are represented by Kara-Balta institutions that process agricultural products. Educational institutions in Kara-Balta are represented by secondary schools and kindergartens. At the moment there is a problem related to the shortage of teachers and educators.

All Kara-Balta telephones require dialing the code “+996 331-33” to the local subscriber number. The Yellow Pages of Kara-Balta are the most informatively comprehensive publication, providing all the information about organizations, firms and companies operating in the city. Kara-Balta telephone directories are republished annually and include all the necessary contacts for residents and guests of the city. Telephone directories of Kara-Balta can be found in all bookstores.

website - Kara-Balta is one of the youngest cities in Kyrgyzstan. The city is comfortably located at the foot of the northern slope of Ala-Too.

During the Soviet era, the upper part of the city was a closed “post city” with secret industries, including the Kara-Balta Mining Plant, which is the largest enterprise in Central Asia for processing uranium ore. Despite the fact that many of these enterprises are currently closed, reduced production volumes or were repurposed to produce other products to continue operating, to this day Kara-Balta continues to provide 70% of the industrial output of the Chui region.

Nuzket is a chain connecting the Chui region with the outside world

Various surviving Arab and Chinese sources indicate that along the Great Silk Road in the 6th-7th centuries AD, trade and craft settlements arose in the Chui Valley. Arabic sources mention their names: Taraz (Dzhambul), Kulan (Merke), Nuzket (Karabalta), Kharon (Belovodskoye), Jul (Sokuluk), Saryg, Suyab, Navkat.

Nuzket (Kara-Balta) was one of the largest medieval settlements in the Chui Valley. In order to protect themselves from robbers, merchant caravans found overnight accommodation in this city. There was vigorous trade and exchange of goods in the city's bazaars. And the works of Nuzket artisans went to distant countries along the Silk Road. We can say that Nuzket was a strong link in the chain connecting the Chui region with the wider outside world.

First fortress

Archaeological excavations show that the city was not small, it consisted of a citadel and a shakhristan with a total area of ​​about 1 km2 and was located on the site of the current lower markets. Nuzket was the center of culture. In the city, ceramic products were made both by hand and on a potter's wheel. The master artists of Nuzket were distinguished by their virtuosity. During archaeological excavations, objects with lid handles in the shape of birds, animals, and people were found. For more than six centuries, nomads bypassed Nuzket, since no settlements arose on the site of the city, and only after the formation of the Kokand Khanate under Madali Khan, the Shish-Debe (Shish-Tepe) fortress was built.

Uchitelskaya street

The famous traveler V.V. Bartold visited Kyrgyzstan and in his report the traveler wrote the following: “Near the next two stations of Chaldybar and Karabalta there are remains of large Kokand fortifications. Both fortresses have a completely similar structure: the fortress is surrounded by a rampart in the form of an irregular quadrangle: inside it, precisely in the northwestern corner, there is another elevation, surrounded by a wall of mud bricks; among the mud, there are also whole burnt bricks and their fragments. There is only one entrance to the fortress - in the eastern side; in addition to this space, the fortress was surrounded on all sides by impassable swamps; The swamp near Karabalta has now partly dried up. The Karabalta fortress is called Shish-Tepe by local residents; its foundation is attributed to Solomon. There is no doubt that in both fortresses the citadels with mud walls were erected by the Sarts in very recent times; but the fortresses themselves may be of much more ancient origin... in addition to the fortifications, we also examined stone women... mounds are almost always located south of the road, towards the gorges; at the very entrance to the gorge there are almost always mounds - a phenomenon that we later had to meet and in Semirechye. Stone women of the usual type are located near the road, about 5 versts from Chaldovar and near peasant houses in Nikolaevka and Karabalty.”

Industrial production of the city

The population of the village of Kara-Balta by 1912 was about two thousand people. In the village there were adobe houses, covered with reeds and surrounded by adobe duvals. Small handicraft enterprises with two or three workers gradually developed: mills, shoemakers, tailoring workshops. And the formation of the village as a future city began in 1924 with the completion of the construction of the Pishpek-Lugovaya railway line passing through the city. By the way, many Karabalta residents took part in the construction of the railway. With the completion of this railway, industrial production began to develop. People began to make horse-drawn carriages, wheels, nails, carpentry, barrels, or rather everything related to agriculture. On March 8, 1933, a large sugar factory began operating with all auxiliary services, a thermal power plant, and a residential village. The plant gave a powerful impetus to the development of beet growing, livestock farming and other branches of agriculture. During the harsh years of the Great Patriotic War, the plant provided sugar to the army of workers. During the war, a glycerin plant was built at the sugar factory. The front needed glycerin as a basis for rubber production. At the same time, construction of a distillery was underway. The first alcohol was produced in the city in 1943. In 1972, a powerful bakery plant with a storage capacity of 56 thousand tons of grain was built, now the Buudai-Karabalta State Enterprise.

Monument to V. Lenin in the Central Park of Culture and Culture

Education of the city of Kara-Balta

The presence of huge industrial potential required the status of a city for the village of Kara-Balta. In 1974, the chairman of the executive committee of the district council, Mukhamed Turgunovich Ibragimov, and the first secretary of the district party committee, Asan Kamalovich Kamalov, sent a reasoned letter to the republican authorities. Turdakun Usubaliev supported the initiative, and on September 9, 1975, the Supreme Council of the Republic issued a decree on the formation of the city of Kara-Balta.

The city was supposed to become a satellite of the capital

At the very beginning, Kara-Balta was supposed to become a satellite of the capital. Under the leadership of the chief architect of the Kirgizpromstroy Institute, N.V. Karpenko. its master plan until the year 2000 was developed based on 100,000 population. But, unfortunately, during the years of perestroika, another city plan began to be developed at the Kyrgyz NIIP Urban Planning Institute under the leadership of architect T.A. Tugova. per 56,000 population.

The population of the city in 2013 is 46,596 people. Kara-Balta is a multinational city inhabited by Kyrgyz, Russians, Uighurs, Uzbeks, Koreans, Kazakhs, Germans and Tatars. In 1991-1993 the population was 54,200 people. The rapid outflow outside the republic led to this figure. Today, the migration process has been significantly reduced.

Monument to Zhaiyl Baatir

Sports complex "Manas". Football, basketball, volleyball and other competitions at the district and republican level are held here.

Kara-Balta (Kyrgyzstan: Karabalta - “black ax”) is a city in Kyrgyzstan, the administrative center of the Zhaiyl district of the Chui region. Until 1992 it was a city of regional subordination of the Kalininsky district.

Population - 37.8 thousand people (2009).

Story

Already in the 5th-8th centuries, agricultural settlements arose in the Chui Valley. After the invasion of Genghis Khan, tribes of nomads and cattle breeders lived here from the 14th to the 19th centuries. After the region was subjugated to the Kokand Khanate at the beginning of the 19th century, a fortification was erected in the Chui Valley.

Geography

Located on the northern slope of the Kyrgyz ridge in the western part of the Chui region, 62 km from the city of Bishkek in the temperate latitude zone. The terrain is calm, with a slight decrease in elevation in the direction from south to north. The city is bordered by the Kara-Balta river.

Economy

Kara-Balta is a city of district subordination, which has its own public institutions and associations, business entities, administrative structures of ministries and departments, and is one of the most important transport hubs in the Chui region. During the existence of the USSR, Kara-Balta was a closed city with several secret industries, including the main enterprise of the city - the Kara-Balta Mining Combine (KGRK) - the largest enterprise in Central Asia for processing uranium-containing ore. These production facilities are located in a special zone with high-quality industrial infrastructure, housing and social facilities in the southern part of the city. Despite the fact that many of these enterprises are currently closed, have reduced production volumes or have been repurposed to produce other products to continue their work, to this day the city of Kara-Balta provides 70% of the industrial output of the Chui region. On the territory of the city there are 32 joint-stock companies, 93 LLCs, 12 enterprises providing services to the population, 22 small and medium-sized enterprises processing agricultural products, 39 cafes and canteens.

Education

In 2002, the city became fully responsible for the management of kindergartens and secondary schools, although salaries of teachers and educators are paid from categorical grants. The regional level is responsible for vocational training and the republican level for the provision of higher education. Currently, the problem of education is acute in this city. Teachers have to work ten hours a day to fill the teaching shortage.

Russian military base

338th communications center of the Russian Navy. Located in the village of KaraBalta (Chaldovar), Chui region of Kyrgyzstan, it provides communication between the Main Headquarters of the Russian Navy and submarines and surface ships on combat duty in the Pacific and Indian oceans. The unit also carries out radio-technical reconnaissance in the interests of the General Staff of the Russian Navy.

This wonderful city is located in Kyrgyzstan. Until 1992 it was a city of regional subordination of the Kalininsky district. Located on the northern slope of the Kyrgyz ridge in the western part of the Chui region and just an hour’s drive from Bishkek. The terrain is quite calm with some depression. A river called Kara-Balta flows along the perimeter of the city. The first mention of settlement in these territories dates back to the 5th century AD. The city has modern buildings where public institutions are located, including those related to infrastructure, and their architecture is also worth looking at.

Attractions

There is a Russian military base here, but it is unlikely that you will be allowed to admire its interiors and exteriors.

Don't forget about natural attractions either. One of these is the city’s hydrographic network, represented by the Kara-Balta River, which borders the city from the east for about 7 kilometers and originates in the mountain glaciers at the confluence of the mountain rivers Abla, Kol, and Tuyuk. The length of the river as a whole is 133 km, the river is fed by snow and ice. In the city area, the bed of the Kara-Balta River is dry, because in the upper zone at the river’s exit from the mountain gorge there is a watershed with irrigation diversion canals, one of which runs through the city. The riverbed and floodplain are used for quarrying. On the way here you can stop by.

The city has a surprising amount of greenery: majestic pine trees on the main street of the city - Turar Kozhomberdiev Street, two perennial parks, forest plantations along all highways. On the eve of the 30th anniversary of their city, Karabalta residents planted over 30 thousand fruit and ornamental trees. Now they have beauty and no excess carbon dioxide. There would be so many green spaces everywhere and many would give up traveling a couple of stops and would happily walk!

How to get there?

There are airports in Kyrgyzstan, and then you can get there by rail or highway by bus or taxi. Kara-Balta is one of the largest transport hubs in the Chui region: from west to east it is crossed by the Tashkent-Taraz-Bishkek-Balykchy railway line and the Tashkent-Bishkek-Almaty highway, which are of interstate importance. You will not be left indifferent