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SOUTH KOREA SOUTH KOREA Completed by geography teacher of gymnasium No. 2 in Kazan Kurbangalieva Enzhe Mukharlyamovna. 2015

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Capital - Seoul Coat of arms of the Republic of Korea Flag of the Republic of Korea Life expectancy: Average: 77.04 years men: 73.61 years women: 80.75 years (2006, estimate)

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TERRITORY The territory of the Korean Peninsula extends south of the northeastern tip of Eurasia. From North to South it stretches for 1000 km, and from West to East at its narrowest point its width is 216 km. More than 70% of the country's territory is covered by mountains, making Korea one of the most mountainous regions in the world. The mountain range, which runs the entire length of the eastern coast, descends steeply into the Eastern Sea. The mountain ranges along the southern and western coasts gradually transition into the coastal plains, where the bulk of agricultural products, primarily rice, are produced.

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POPULATION Population Population - 48.7 million people. 26th place in the world. Population density 476 people. per 1 sq. km. 3rd place in the world. The majority of the population living in the country is Korean (99%). By religion, the population is divided into Buddhists (40%), Confucians (20%), Protestants (17%) and Catholics. The official language is Korean. Koreans are warm and hospitable, and also very hardworking. The working-age population is more than 55%, 52% are employed in the service sector, 27% of the working-age population is employed in industry, and 21% are employed in agriculture.

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GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATION Governmental structure Korea is a parliamentary republic. The head of state is the president. He is the head of state and supreme commander of the Armed Forces. He is elected by universal suffrage. Multiparty political system. The current constitution of the Republic of Korea was adopted by a national referendum on October 27, 1987. The Republic of Korea is divided into 9 provinces, 6 metropolitan cities and 1 city of special status (Seoul). The national flower of Korea is the mugunghwa flower. The symbolic meaning of the flower comes from the name of the root “mugun” - immortality. This word accurately expresses the tenacity and conviction of the Korean nation.

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Park Geun-hye - 11th President of the Republic of Korea Elected President of the Republic of Korea in the 2012 elections, took office on February 25, 2013.

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GEOGRAPHY AND CLIMATE Nature The climate is temperate, monsoonal, in the south - subtropical. Fauna: among the representatives of the country's fauna one can note the tiger, leopard, bear, lynx, the number of which has recently sharply decreased due to deforestation and poaching. Flora: the country is dominated by mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forests with a predominance of pine, spruce, maple, poplar, elm, and Korean fir. To the south they are replaced by evergreen subtropical forests. Coastal zones are characterized by laurel, evergreen oak, and bamboo thickets.

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NATURAL RESOURCES Natural Resources South Korea is a relatively mineral-poor country. Its energy resources include small reserves of coal, uranium and hydro resources. In South Korea, coal, tungsten, graphite, molybdenum, and lead are mined. Land use: arable land: 21% pasture: 1% forested areas: 65% other: 13% Irrigated land: 13,350 km²

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ECONOMY South Korea is a country with a highly developed economy, 12th in the world in terms of GDP. High-tech mechanical engineering and electronics are developed. South Korea is a world leader in shipbuilding and the semiconductor industry, second in mobile phone production, fifth in automobile production, and sixth in the global steel industry.

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Trade relations with Western countries include economic partnerships primarily with the United States and the European Union. The United States is South Korea's main economic partner. In addition, South Korea ranks seventh on the list of US trading partners, ahead of many developed European countries such as Italy and France, and sixth on the list of US importing countries. At the beginning of 2001, the parties signed a number of bilateral trade agreements.

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INDUSTRY Largest industries electronics manufacturing shipbuilding automotive industry Semiconductor industry Textile industry

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(1.) Electronics production Currently, South Korea ranks one of the first places in the world in the production of consumer electronics. Now in the country, as well as throughout the world, there is a trend towards digital technology, which increases the demand for products such as digital TVs, DVDs, portable digital audio players, etc. The largest companies in the industry are LG, Samsung and Daewoo Electronics. They produce almost the entire range of consumer electronics, most of which are exported. Consumer electronics production amounted to $17.6 billion in 2002, exports amounted to $11 billion

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(2.) SHIPBUILDING (SHIPBUILDING) Shipbuilding includes the design, repair and conversion of all types of ships and vessels. South Korean shipbuilding is currently one of the key industries and a basic factor in its development, as it pushes forward related industries - metallurgy, chemical industry, electronics, etc. The largest shipyard in the world, Hyundai Heavy Industries, is huge. Tankers, bulk carriers or container ships transport the largest cargoes and these sea giants are the basis of international shipping and trade.

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(3.) Automotive industry Now South Korea is the world's fifth largest automobile manufacturer, with a share of 5.4% of global production. Production began in the early 1960s, when the first five-year economic plan was adopted. Since then, the South Korean automobile industry has become one of the most important sectors of the economy, showing high growth rates. The country has five main enterprises producing automobile products - Hyundai Motor, Kia Motors, GM Daewoo Auto & Technology, SsangYong Motor Company and Renault Samsung Motors.

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(5.) Semiconductor Industry The semiconductor industry produces integrated circuits and semiconductor devices such as diodes and transistors. The semiconductor industry, especially the production of memory chips, played a key role in the country's economic recovery after the 1997 crisis. Until now, South Korea is the main manufacturer of memory chips in the world. Most of the exports go to developed countries: the USA, Japan, the European Union and the countries of Southeast Asia.

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(6.) Textile industry South Korea ranks fifth in the world in exports of textile products after China, Italy, Germany and the USA. The country ranks seventh in terms of production volume. Today, the textile industry in South Korea is quite developed. At the same time, it is mainly oriented towards export. Thus, thanks to local clothing enterprises, only one third of modern South Koreans get dressed; the rest prefer foreign brands. However, in other countries, clothes from South Korea are received with a bang and, for example, in 2001, the light industry brought more than 11 billion dollars to the treasury of this state.

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AGRICULTURE. Agriculture Until the 20th century, the country's main agricultural product was rice, but now the range of products has expanded significantly and includes many types of fruits, vegetables, livestock products and forestry products. The main agricultural product of South Korea is rice: about 80% of South Korean farms cultivate this cereal. Livestock is the second most profitable agricultural sector after rice. Fisheries are an important part of the South Korean

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Republic of Korea, or as we are accustomed to say, South Korea is a country in the East Asia. Occupies the southern portion of the Korean Peninsula. Total area is about 98 thousand square kilometers. Poetic name of South Korea - Land of Morning Calm. The name Korea is derived from the ancient kingdom of Goryeo, which existed in the Korean Peninsula in the 10-14 centuries.

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Modern South Korea is a highly developed country, one of the so-called "Asian tigers." South Korea is full of charm, weaving the old and new. Korea is both very old and very young country. Exotic and the old in it naturally combined with the latest achievements of world civilization. This is a country of ancient and unique culture, romantic sea and mountain scenery, hot springs, golden beaches, quaint islands and cliffs, waterfalls and caves, lush vegetation, unusual cuisine. At the same time it is a country of beautiful hotels, good roads, railways, high-quality modern service. Korea is a shopper's paradise, as it has an extensive network of stores and markets, where you can buy reasonably priced sturdy and quality products. Recently, the Japanese here is frequent for shopping. Every year in Korea there are major international exhibitions, attracting businessmen from all over the world: a high quality level equipped modern exhibition centers provide everything necessary for their implementation.

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PopulationSouth Korea occupy more than 50 million people. Most of whom are Koreans, other than that a substantial weight in the country are of Japanese, Chinese, Filipinos, Americans United States. South Korea is densely populated and high levels of urbanization, urban population of more than 80% of the population. As the population of South Korea is characterized by a high degree of concentration in the capital. In the metropolitan area lived for almost 45% of the population of South Korea

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New year on the solar calendar (January 1) Salt (or New Year) - so the first day of the first month, one of the most important holidays of the year. Koreans celebrate New Year twice. January 1 and 2 - the official date of the celebration of the New Year. New year on the lunar calendar is the approximate date - the end of January or beginning of February. It is usually celebrated with family and loved ones. Koreans also send thank-you cards to friends and comrades with wishes for the coming year

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Chuseok is such a dish - rice patty NCSA (송편). NCSA - is a patty made from rice flour with a variety of healthy fillers, such as: sesame seeds, a variety of beans, nuts, cinnamon, jujube, honey. Patties are cooked on a pair necessarily on a bed of pine needles.The rolled dough resembles a full moon pie filling - Crescent . Legend has it that during the three kingdoms, the king of the kingdom of Baekje found on tortoise shell inscription: "Baekje - it"s a full moon, and Scilla - Crescent" that somehow predicted the fall of Baekje and the greatness of Scilla. Shilla Baekje defeated in the war since the Korean crescent - the symbol of victory and a bright future

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Koreans think marriage is the most important stage in a person's life, and most negatively to divorce as a disgrace not only to each other but also to the parents - although, despite this, the number of divorces in recent years is growing rapidly. The wedding today is somewhat different from what it was before. First there is the usual Western-style ceremony in a church or city hall, the bride in a white wedding dress and the groom in a tuxedo, followed by a traditional ceremony in a different room where the bride and groom, dressed in Korean traditional costumes and following tradition, make bows parents

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Samgepsal (삼겹살; samɡjʌpsal) - a popular dish of Korean cuisine. Are pieces of fatty pork peritoneum not passed marination, not sprinkled with spices that participants roast meal on the grill on a table . Samgepsal is usually served for dinner.Samgethan - whole cooked chicken stuffed with various herbs and ginseng root.Ramen (拉麺, 柳麺) - Japanese food with wheat noodles. Very popular in Korea and Japan, especially among young peopleKimchi Tighe - one of the most popular dishes in Korea. This soup of cabbage, meat and tofu. Methods of preparation of this dish can be counted a couple of dozen, that"s for sure. The main differences, as always, the ingredients that are used in the preparation of kimchi Tighe.

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Republic of Korea (South Korea)

Prepared by Elena Andreeva Volgodonsk, 11th grade student of Municipal Educational Institution Lyceum No. 16, 2009.

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Territory

The state with a total area of ​​98.5 thousand sq. km is located in the southern part of the Korean Peninsula in northeast Asia. In the north it borders with the DPRK. In the east it is washed by the Sea of ​​Japan, in the south and southeast by the Korea Strait, in the west by the Yellow Sea. The country's territory is mostly mountainous. The main rivers of the country are Nekhtongan and Hangan.

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Seoul is the capital of the Republic of Korea (10.7 million people).

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State structure

Korea is a parliamentary republic. The head of state is the president. Elected by universal suffrage. Multiparty political system. The current constitution of the Republic of Korea was adopted by a national referendum on October 27, 1987. The Republic of Korea is divided into 9 provinces, 6 metropolitan cities and 1 city of special status (Seoul).

The national flower of Korea is the mugunghwa flower. The symbolic meaning of the flower comes from the name of the root “mugun” - immortality. This word accurately expresses the tenacity and conviction of the Korean nation.

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Population

Population - 48.7 million people. 26th place in the world. Population density 476 people. per 1 sq. km. 3rd place in the world. The majority of the population living in the country is Korean (99%). By religion, the population is divided into Buddhists (40%), Confucians (20%), Protestants (17%) and Catholics. 99% of the population is Korean. The official language is Korean. Koreans are warm and hospitable, and also very hardworking.

The working population makes up more than 55%, 52% are employed in the service sector, 27% of the working population is employed in industry, and 21% are employed in agriculture.

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The climate is temperate, monsoonal, in the south - subtropical. Fauna: among the representatives of the country's fauna one can note the tiger, leopard, bear, lynx, the number of which has recently sharply decreased due to deforestation and poaching.

Flora: the country is dominated by mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forests with a predominance of pine, spruce, maple, poplar, elm, and Korean fir. To the south they are replaced by evergreen subtropical forests. Coastal zones are characterized by laurel, evergreen oak, and bamboo thickets.

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Natural resources

South Korea is a relatively mineral-poor country. Its energy resources include small reserves of coal, uranium and hydro resources. In South Korea, coal, tungsten, graphite, molybdenum, and lead are mined. Land use: arable land: 21% pasture: 1% forested areas: 65% other: 13% Irrigated land: 13,350 km²

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Economy

A country with a highly developed economy, 12th in the world in terms of GDP. High-tech mechanical engineering and electronics are developed. South Korea is a world leader in shipbuilding and the semiconductor industry, second in mobile phone production, fifth in automobile production, and sixth in the global steel industry.

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Industry

The largest industries are electronics manufacturing, shipbuilding, automotive, construction, textiles and semiconductors. South Korea is the world's fifth largest automobile manufacturer, with a share of 5.4% of global production.

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Agriculture

Until the 20th century, the country's main agricultural product was rice, but now the range of products has expanded significantly and includes many types of fruits, vegetables, livestock products and forestry products. The main agricultural product of South Korea is rice: about 80% of South Korean farms cultivate this cereal.

Livestock is the second most profitable agricultural sector after rice. Fisheries are an important part of the South Korean economy.

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Culture

Korea has an ancient, rich culture. The architecture of Korea has a long history. The culture of Korea is so rich and strong that throughout the history of the country it has influenced neighboring countries. For example, recently such a phenomenon is gaining more and more strength,

as the “Korean wave” (“Hallyu”), thanks to which in neighboring (and not only) countries people learn more about Korean culture, watch Korean films and TV series, and listen to Korean music.

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The architecture of Korea has a long history. The oldest and most remarkable of the monuments of Korean architecture is Gyeongbokgung Palace in Seoul (“palace of sunshine and happiness”), built in 1394.

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Sports originating from Korea

Taekwondo, a popular martial art, has Korean roots. Taekwondo means punching and kicking techniques. The art of taekwondo is many centuries old - it dates back to the 1st century. BC. Taekwondo is now a martial art taught to military personnel. Taekkyeon is a traditional martial arts that originated in Korea during the Goguryeo period in the 4th century. It uses open palm and foot strikes, punches are prohibited. The movements are smoother than in taekwondo.

Hapkido is another form of martial arts in Korea. Appeared during the Three Kingdoms period, in its modern form it is similar to Japanese aikido.

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cybersport

South Korea is considered the founder of e-sports - computer competitions in video games. The Starcraft game has gained enormous popularity in the country, becoming an element of national culture.

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There are good opportunities for tourism development in South Korea. Beautiful nature, historical heritage, mountains and sea make it attractive to tourists. By right the most popular type of tourism in the country is mountain tourism. About 70% of the country's territory is covered with mountains, in which there are many ski resorts

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Korean cuisine

Korean cuisine is quite spicy, using spices and a lot of red pepper. The widespread use of pepper is explained by the fact that South Korea has a warm, humid climate, and pepper simply helps preserve food longer. In Korea, dog meat is highly consumed. As in the cuisines of neighboring eastern nations, the main food of Koreans is rice.

Korean cuisine has a lot in common with the other two most significant oriental cuisines - Chinese and Japanese.

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Republic of Korea The Republic of Korea (Korean Daehanminguk) is a country in East Asia located on the Korean Peninsula. The unofficial name of the country, widely used in the Russian-language press, is South Korea.

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Korea Korea is a geographical area, civilization and state that was once united, but is now divided into North Korea and South Korea. Both Koreas are located on the Korean Peninsula in East Asia. The Korean Peninsula borders China in the northwest, Russia in the northeast, and Japan across the sea strait in the southeast.

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The Republic of Korea occupies the southern part of the Korean Peninsula, protruding 1,100 kilometers from the main part of Asia. From the west, the peninsula is washed by the Yellow Sea, from the east by the Sea of ​​Japan, and from the south by the Korea Strait and the East China Sea. The total area of ​​the country is 99,617.38 square kilometers. The landscape is predominantly mountainous, with plains occupying only 30% of the territory. There are about 3,000 islands off the coast, mostly small and uninhabited. The largest island is Jeju. The climate is monsoonal, summers are hot and humid, winters are relatively cold and dry. Annual precipitation varies from 1,370 millimeters in Seoul to 1,470 millimeters in Busan.

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Date of independence - August 15, 1945 (from Japan) Official language - Korean Capital - Seoul Largest city - Seoul Form of government - Presidential Republic President - Lee Myung-bak Prime Minister - Han Seung-soo Territory: Total 99,274 km² % of water surface - 0. 3% (107th in the world) Population Total - 49,024,737 people. (2007) Density - 480 people/km² (25th in the world) GDP Total $999.369 billion (2008) Per capita $20,582 (14th in the world) Currency - South Korean won

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History of foundation and development The history of South Korea begins with the Soviet-American agreement in the late summer of 1945 on the division of spheres of influence on the peninsula. According to this agreement, the part of Korea south of the 38th parallel came under the jurisdiction of the United States, while the northern part came under the jurisdiction of the Soviet Union. Since its founding, South Korea has come a long way in the development of its economy and culture. In the 1960s, the country was one of the poorest in the region, and now it is a developed industrial state. Since the 1990s, Korean music, television dramas and cinema have become increasingly popular in other countries around the world.

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Parliament of South Korea South Korea has a unicameral National Assembly (299 seats). 243 deputies are elected according to a majoritarian system with a relative majority of votes in single-mandate constituencies, 46 - according to national party lists with a 5 percent barrier. The term of parliamentary office is 4 years. Parliamentary elections began to be held in 1950. Until 1988, elections were held under significant restrictions on democratic freedoms by South Korean presidents Park Chung Hee and, later, Chun Doo Hwan. In 1988, the first free parliamentary elections were held.

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Administrative division South Korea is divided into 1 city of special status (Teukpyeolsi), 6 cities of direct subordination (“metropolitan cities”) with a status equivalent to provinces (Gwangyeoksi) and 9 provinces (to). They, in turn, are divided into a number of smaller entities, including: city (si), county (kun), district (ku), large district (yp), village (myeon), district (ton) and microdistrict (ri) .

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Natural resources In South Korea, coal, tungsten, graphite, molybdenum, and lead are mined. Land use: arable land: 21% pasture: 1% forested areas: 65% other: 13% (1993, est.) Irrigated land: 13,350 km² (1993, est.)

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Economy of South Korea Advantages: the world's largest ship manufacturer (45% market share). Stable budget surplus, because Korean exports prevailed over Japanese ones due to the high exchange rate of the yen. There is great demand in China for Korean goods, especially cars. Weaknesses: High debt and sensitivity to international capital movements. Since 1997, a growing labor movement. Strong competition from Japan.

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Industry In the 1940s, the country's economy relied primarily on agriculture and light industry. Over the next few decades, the emphasis shifted towards light industry and consumer goods production, and in the 70s and 80s of the 20th century - towards heavy industry. For 30 years after the country's President Park Chung-hee announced the beginning of the first Five-Year Plan in 1962, the country's economy grew at a very high rate, and the structure of the economy itself changed greatly.

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Religion The main religions in South Korea are traditional Buddhism and Christianity, which has recently entered the country. Both of these movements were strongly influenced by Confucianism, which was the official ideology of the Joseon Dynasty for 500 years, as well as shamanism, which was the main religion of the common people of Korea. According to statistics collected by the South Korean government in 2003, about 46% of the country's residents are not followers of any religion. Christians make up 27.3% of the population, and Buddhists make up 25.3%. Followers of other religions make up about 2.5% of the religious population. These are mainly followers of the Wonbulgyo school (Won Buddhism), and the Cheondogyo school, which combines elements of Taoism, Confucianism and Christianity. Confucianism is practiced by a small number of believers, but features of its influence can still be seen in the way of life of Koreans. A small number of Koreans practice Islam.

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Population Koreans make up the absolute majority of the country's population (excluding a small (100 thousand) Chinese minority - especially those who came to the country from outside China, Hong Kong and Macau, that is, from Japan, Malaysia, India and the Philippines). Many workers are from China, Philippines and Malaysia. In large cities, especially Seoul, foreigners work in the fields of business and education. There is a US military presence of 28,000.

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Republic of Korea (South Korea) Prepared by Elena Volgodonsk, 11th grade student of Municipal Educational Institution Lyceum No. 16, Elena Volgodonsk, 2009.

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Territory The state with a total area of ​​98.5 thousand sq. km is located in the southern part of the Korean Peninsula in northeast Asia. In the north it borders with the DPRK. In the east it is washed by the Sea of ​​Japan, in the south and southeast by the Korea Strait, in the west by the Yellow Sea. The country's territory is mostly mountainous. The main rivers of the country are Nekhtongan and Hangan.

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Government system Korea is a parliamentary republic. The head of state is the president. Elected by universal suffrage. Multiparty political system. The current constitution of the Republic of Korea was adopted by a national referendum on October 27, 1987. The Republic of Korea is divided into 9 provinces, 6 metropolitan cities and 1 city of special status (Seoul). The national flower of Korea is the mugunghwa flower. The symbolic meaning of the flower comes from the name of the root “mugun” - immortality. This word accurately expresses the tenacity and conviction of the Korean nation.

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Population Population - 48.7 million people. 26th place in the world. Population density 476 people. per 1 sq. km. 3rd place in the world. The majority of the population living in the country is Korean (99%). By religion, the population is divided into Buddhists (40%), Confucians (20%), Protestants (17%) and Catholics. 99% of the population is Korean. The official language is Korean. Koreans are warm and hospitable, and also very hardworking. The working population makes up more than 55%, 52% are employed in the service sector, 27% of the working population is employed in industry, and 21% are employed in agriculture.

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Nature The climate is temperate, monsoonal, in the south - subtropical. Fauna: among the representatives of the country's fauna one can note the tiger, leopard, bear, lynx, the number of which has recently sharply decreased due to deforestation and poaching. Flora: the country is dominated by mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forests with a predominance of pine, spruce, maple, poplar, elm, and Korean fir. To the south they are replaced by evergreen subtropical forests. Coastal zones are characterized by laurel, evergreen oak, and bamboo thickets.

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Natural Resources South Korea is a relatively mineral-poor country. Its energy resources include small reserves of coal, uranium and hydro resources. In South Korea, coal, tungsten, graphite, molybdenum, and lead are mined. Land use: arable land: 21% pasture: 1% forested areas: 65% other: 13% Irrigated land: 13,350 km²

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Economy A country with a highly developed economy, 12th in the world in terms of GDP. High-tech mechanical engineering and electronics are developed. South Korea is a world leader in shipbuilding and the semiconductor industry, second in mobile phone production, fifth in automobile production, and sixth in the global steel industry.

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Industry The largest industries are electronics manufacturing, shipbuilding, automotive, construction, textiles and semiconductors. South Korea is the world's fifth largest automobile manufacturer, with a share of 5.4% of global production.

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Agriculture Until the 20th century, the country's main agricultural product was rice, but now the range of products has expanded significantly and includes many types of fruits, vegetables, livestock products and forestry products. The main agricultural product of South Korea is rice: about 80% of South Korean farms cultivate this cereal. Livestock is the second most profitable agricultural sector after rice. Fisheries are an important part of the South Korean economy.

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Culture Korea has an ancient, rich culture. The architecture of Korea has a long history. The culture of Korea is so rich and strong that throughout the country’s history it has influenced neighboring countries. For example, recently the phenomenon of the “Korean wave” (“Hallyu”) has been gaining more and more strength, thanks to which in neighboring ( and not only) countries, people learn more about Korean culture, watch Korean films and TV series, and listen to Korean music.

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The architecture of Korea has a long history. The oldest and most remarkable of the monuments of Korean architecture is Gyeongbokgung Palace in Seoul (“palace of sunshine and happiness”), built in 1394.

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Sports originating from Korea Taekwondo, a popular martial art, has Korean roots. Taekwondo means punching and kicking techniques. The art of taekwondo is many centuries old - it dates back to the 1st century. BC. Taekwondo is now a martial art taught to military personnel. Taekkyeon is a traditional martial arts that originated in Korea during the Goguryeo period in the 4th century. It uses open palm and foot strikes, punches are prohibited. The movements are smoother than in taekwondo. Hapkido is another form of martial arts in Korea. Appeared during the Three Kingdoms period, in its modern form it is similar to Japanese aikido.