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Not all travelers manage to see and understand Italy as it is here and now. A country not of history, not of sights, but one in which people live. It’s so simple and prosaic - not everyone understands the special culture and special mentality of the inhabitants of this country. What are they, these Italians?
That's how they are, Italians. It is hardly possible to fully understand them without being born in Italy. However, it is all the more interesting to communicate with Italians, so strange and different from us.
Mass vacations, church tax, constant strikes and saving tricks - we studied the peculiarities of the Italian mentality.
So, the first thing that catches your eye when looking at Italians is their openness and sociability. Yes, these are mostly very positive, relaxed people who love to enjoy good communication, sunny weather, delicious food, tart coffee in the morning, fine wine in the evenings and a pleasant emotional atmosphere.
Italians quickly close the distance when communicating with other people. Once you have met an Italian, after a while you may already notice that you are casually chatting with him as if you had known him for a long time.
Such openness, goodwill, friendliness and ease in communication make Italians very pleasant and cheerful interlocutors. At the first meeting, it is customary to always shake hands, and when saying goodbye, even at the first meeting, it is customary to kiss twice on the cheeks. In general, Italians have a custom of kissing on the cheeks every time they meet and say goodbye.
The Italian mentality primarily reflects their sociality. Their social circle is always very wide, they communicate as much as possible and often like to meet new people. It is considered completely normal to chat about life with a salesman, waiter or bartender.
The sociality of Italians gives rise to various family and friendly traditions. So, in Italy it is common practice to get together after school or work and go somewhere with the whole family or with friends - to a restaurant, bar or cafe, or just to take a walk along the embankment, go to the theater or to a concert. In general, Italians are largely extroverted people.
Nepotism means a lot to any Italian. Moreover, family means not only immediate relatives, but also distant brothers, sisters, nephews, aunts and uncles.
Grandparents are traditionally the main members in the Italian family who take on the role of moral authority. In general, in fact, matriarchy is developed in families, although outwardly it may seem that the man is considered to be in charge.
In an Italian family, it is customary to spoil children. They are allowed to do almost whatever they want, to express themselves openly. Thanks to this, they grow up sociable, uninhibited and free.
Very often in Italian families you can find a situation where sons even over 30 years old live with their mothers. The fact is that here it is customary for mothers to have a caring and pampering attitude towards their sons throughout their lives, just as sons are very kind to their parents. Thus, Italians are in no hurry to get married and leave their home as quickly as possible. The situation when Italian children stay in their home for a long time is considered absolutely normal.
By the way, divorce in Italy is a very complex process that can last almost seven years. In addition, you need to spend a large amount of money on a lawyer and other expenses associated with the divorce, plus you also have to pay alimony in the amount of 50% of income. Therefore, Italian men choose their life partner very carefully and do not at all strive to get married quickly.
Italians have a special attitude towards the pleasures in life. They strive to get maximum pleasure from the very process of life - sunny weather, walks and trips to restaurants and bars with the whole family or numerous friends, gourmet food and wine, an afternoon siesta, and, of course, pleasant communication and getting maximum emotions.
Italian men have a special reverent attitude towards women and admiration for their beauty. Here it is customary to admire women no matter what.
Eating among Italians turns into a real cult. In Italy, they take seriously the choice of restaurant and time for lunch and, of course, the prepared dishes. Typically, lunch in Italy is considered more important than dinner and should be a large one, with a glass of wine. The variety of Italian food, its quality and excellent taste is a vast topic for a separate article!
In general, the Italian lifestyle is as relaxed as possible. Less worries and worries, more pleasure and pleasant communication - perhaps this can be the motto of the Italian way of life. Goditi la vita!
Germans
In order to identify the most typical traits of national character, scientists conducted an anonymous survey in which 175 Germans aged 18 to 61 took part. German respondents were divided into age groups based on gender.
The survey results showed that the defining feature of the German national character is the desire to follow the rules, regulations, guidelines in everything, strict adherence to which will allow one to achieve the “real”Ordnung "a" (order.) . “The Germans believe that the world is ruled by Ordnung (order), where every thing and every person has its place in a great plan calculated to achieve maximum efficiency.” Their pedantry and love of order is expressed in the following proverb: Ordnung ist das halbe Leben, which means: Order is the basis of life. The desire to streamline everything and everyone permeates all aspects of German reality, being the source of most advantages and disadvantages. Order is maintained by the law, which is why Germans are surprisingly law-abiding.
Thus, a love of order and a desire to follow the rules was noted in 25.4% of the fairer sex aged 18 to 30 years and in 30% of women aged 31 to 61 years. Representatives of the stronger sex are more firmly convinced that order and law for Germans are higher than common sense: 68% of young informants and 32% of mature ones noted this trait as the most typical of the German national character.
S. S. Takhtarova, who studied the cultural dominants of the German ethnosociety, came to the conclusion that it is the concept that plays a key role in German linguistic culture Ordnung(order). “Representing a cultural dominant and occupying a special place in the structure of the communicative personality of representatives of the German ethnosociety, Ordnung largely determines the dominants of the German communicative style." In this case, the core part of the concept under study is formed as the main features by the following concepts: discipline, law, rule, consistency. Near peripheral layer of the concept Ordnung constitute such concepts highlighted by respondents as accuracy, rigor, correctness, love of design.
These reactions were noted by informants to varying degrees.
To illustrate the national and cultural specificity of the dominant characteristics of the Germans, we will present some comparisons with Russian culture. Thus, I.M. Kobozeva, contrasting the German with the Russian in terms of adherence to order, came to the conclusion that “a German is neat, clean, tidy, smart, collected, obligatory, polite, on the contrary, a Russian is sloppy, loose, careless, unnecessary , unceremonious, impudent." In our opinion, these comparative features are greatly exaggerated and should be considered as relative.
E. Bartminsky, when describing the psychosocial characteristics of Germans and Russians, identifies both negative and positive reactions: “a German is simultaneously attributed: cruelty, intolerance, arrogance, but also such positive signs as hard work, cleanliness and education» .
Thus, the Germans' commitment to order is more pronounced than that of some cultures. This also explains the dislike of formal, etiquette communication among the Russian cultural community and a significant proportion of superficial, polite communication among the Germans.
The Germans’ “anxious” attitude towards the use of time is proven by the results of the experiment. Punctualityb, like the love of order, was noted by the majority of respondents as the most typical trait of the German national character. 35% of young informants and about 20% of mature informants of both sexes consider Germans to be punctual.
According to the male half of respondents, the following trait is also considered typical: diligence): 43% of young informants and 19% of mature informants believe that the Germans are a hardworking people. This opinion was supported by only 4% of the fairer sex.
The remaining national character traits noted by informants find different percentage expressions in the analyzed groups.
Thus, according to representatives of the fairer sex aged 18 to 30 years, Germans are characterized by: isolation,determination And reliability,accuracy, efficiency, coldness, severity, pedantry.
In isolated cases, features such as tolerant, conservative, pessimistic, loud, ready to help, economical, embittered, serious.
It is interesting to note that only women of mature age (from 31 to 61 years old) identified such a character trait as directness. In isolated cases in this group it was indicated that the Germans calm, inquisitive, vain, pessimistic, reasonable, educated, modest, are true, conscientious, intractable, independent. They are characterized, among other things, perfectionism, sense of justice, strategic thinking.
If we compare the answers of men of both age groups, we can note some discrepancies. Thus, the younger generation of men to a greater extent attributes to the typical German such traits as love of order(68% versus 32% of mature age men), punctuality(32% vs. 24%), hard work(43% vs. 19%), isolation(10.7% vs. 8%). On the contrary, men aged 31 to 61 years identified coldness(11% versus 0% of young men), reliability(8% vs 0%), efficiency(2.7% vs. 0%).
The fact that the Germans belong to an individualistic type of culture, in which each individual has an inalienable right to a zone of his own autonomy and “personal needs and goals take precedence over the needs of other people,” was noted by both young and mature respondents.
General distancing from each other, respect for the personal autonomy of the interlocutor, respect for his communicative integrity are also manifested in such traits as restraint, isolation, modesty, which, in turn, indicates that the Germans are considered an uncommunicative people. In communication, they are more reserved, show little information, and answer “I don’t know” to many questions that are not directly related to their studies. Thematic taboo in German communication is partly explained by the increased degree of anonymity. In the German cultural community, it is not customary to interfere in the affairs of others or make requests to strangers.
In this regard, German culture belongs to low-context cultures in which “there are no informal networks of information due to the lack of close contacts between family members, constant contacts with friends, colleagues, and clients.” Therefore, people in low-context cultures are underinformed. On the contrary, high-context cultures (for example, Italian, French, Japanese, etc.) are characterized by a high density of informal information networks. In such cultures, the context formed by “the physical environment, status relations between the participants in the interaction, the previous course of the discussion, the future goals of the participants in the interaction” is very important, as well as hierarchy, a person’s appearance, his manner of behavior, living conditions, etc. .
The experiment conducted to identify the dominant features of communication of the German cultural community also confirms the conclusions of I. A. Sternin, who noted that “Germans... demonstrate a high level of everyday politeness; in communication they are reserved, uncurious,<...>the share of superficial, etiquette communication is significant, especially when visiting.” The main features of “national character” can be recognized as love of order, adherence to rules, regulations, laws, punctuality, and hard work.
Some respondents (from 7 to 19%) found it difficult to answer the question about the typical traits of the national character of Germans or completely refused to do so, guided by the fact that all people are different. Compare the following answers : I don't think there are national character traits. After all, all people are different, and so it is in every country. (employee, 50 years); In my opinion, such questions give rise to prejudices (teaching tel university, 30 years); In any country there are friendly and unfriendly people, polite and impolite, ready and not ready to help others (teacher, 27 years); Since there are no specific Germans and Russians, I find it impossible to name national character traits. From a psychologist of Turkish origin from Berlin's Kreuzberg district to a farmer from Mecklenburg-Vorpommern born in the GDR, everywhere I see rather individuals and differences (project coordinator, 28 years old).
In our opinion, these respondents are right in the sense that no two people are exactly alike - neither in appearance nor in character. However, there are still such features or traits that unite the majority of representatives of a particular cultural community, forming a single psychological image, or the makeup of the nation. Moreover, these national character traits significantly influence the communicative behavior of a certain cultural community. Knowledge of the dominant national features of communication helps to prevent a “conflict of cultures” in the communication process, helps to overcome cultural shock and adequately perceive the actions of the interlocutor.
Italians
Italians are a people whose character is dominated by expressiveness, that is, the tendency to completely submit to one’s emotions and express them openly. To love and hate, to be happy and sad means to completely surrender to feelings internally and externally. They consider suppressing their emotions to be something unnatural, identifying it with hypocrisy.
The Italian combines liveliness, gaiety, seriousness, firmness. Its natural character is taste associated with effect. His temperament reflects a tendency towards the high. The Italian’s facial expressions reflect a strong interplay of his feelings, making his face expressive. Italians frank and eloquent.
Note that an important feature of an Italian is his humanity. He has every right to respect due to his intelligence, liveliness, dexterity, subtle sense of beauty, and has a natural artistic taste. An Italian from the provinces will surprise his politeness, understanding. He always and everywhere enjoys nature and art - this is historically determined.
Italians are distinguished from others by their love of songs. Italian Neapolitan songs and Italian folk music are known throughout the world. The level of Italian vocal art (a capella singing) has always been high. The warm climate and the varied Italian language contributed to beautiful singing. Italy has provided the world with the largest number of outstanding singers, such as Enrico Caruso, Mario del Monaco, Mario Lanza, Luciano Pavarotti.
Let us note that Italians like brushed paintings, mosaics, and ancient works of high style. In ancient times, Italy was called the land of luxury. During the Renaissance (XIV-XVI centuries) art flourished in the country. The work of Leonardo Da Vinci dates back to this period. He became famous not only as an architect and artist, but also as a sculptor, physicist, and inventor.
Italians - this one is exceptional freedom-loving people. Quite a lot of leaders and revolutionaries came from the Italian environment.
Let us point out that among the negative character traits of this nation it is necessary to highlight the extreme ardor, vindictiveness. Even today there are cases of support for old traditions.
Nevertheless, despite all that is known about Italian treachery, hatred and vindictiveness, it can be argued that Italy is one of the countries where manifestations of kindness, friendship, respect, spirituality.
Italy is the birthplace of carnival, which is mainly held in cities, accompanied by masquerade, fun games and laughter. Italians are lovers of processions, performances, and any performance. This could not but give the typical Italian a certain theatricality in behavior.
According to other nations, Italians are excessively liberal in their upbringing of children. A typical scene of a mother-child relationship is accompanied by noisy screams, tears, beatings, and after that - displays of tenderness and kisses. Paradoxically, a gentle attitude towards children is sometimes combined with an unmerciful attitude towards pets.
Let us point out that an Italian woman, as a rule, is not distinguished by the intelligence of the British, the wit of the French, the efficiency of the Americans, the sensitivity of the Germans, or the passion of the Spaniards. Italian women are more passive and prosaic. In Italy, however, quite a few women hold leadership positions. Social thought keeps the Italian woman within the walls of her home and family more than in other European countries. Less than half of Italian women work outside their native walls.
Italian women love to discuss clothing style: what, in their opinion, looks good and what looks bad.
Italians are clear about the rules of business ethics. But at the same time, they agree to resolve many issues in an informal setting, in a friendly atmosphere.
Let us note that Italians are a people insufficiently organized and punctual. It is not a sign of disrespect for Italians if they do not meet business partners.
Italians like to resolve business issues not at the negotiating table, but in a small restaurant. Italians "easy to climb", but after signing mutual business documents, continuing contacts with them often becomes difficult.
Italy is a multi-ethnic country, the majority of believers are Catholics. The character of Italians is dominated by expressiveness, Italians are frank and eloquent. Italians smart, dexterous, naturally have artistic taste.
Thus, having examined the features of the national cultures of the Germans and Italians, in the practical part we will try to analyze how these features are reflected in travel notes.
Italian men are the dream of many women around the world. They conquer hearts not only with their bright appearance and innate sense of style, but also with some character traits that were formed under the influence of national traditions. However, you should not think that all Italians fit the stereotypical parameters, because there are always exceptions to the rules. In addition, a lot depends on the region in which a person lives.
The first thing that attracts men is their bright appearance. They are dark-skinned, dark-haired and brown-eyed. Growth is low, but this only applies to residents of the southern regions. In the north of Italy, men have a more European appearance (skin, hair and eyes are much lighter), which does not make them less charming.
In addition to national characteristics of appearance, it is worth noting that Italian men love to take care of themselves and have an innate sense of style. They love beautiful things, charming women and strive to look perfect. An Italian is always shaved, combed, dressed to the nines and exudes a pleasant aroma of expensive perfume.
Italian men value their parents (especially mothers) above all else. Loyalty to family values and traditions can be called a national trait, which is inherent at the genetic level. Sometimes men remain under their mother’s wing until they are 30-40 years old. And even when they start a family, they prefer to live in their parents’ house.
Mom is the main authority for Italian men. She has a huge influence on her son and can manipulate him in every possible way. Italians consult their mothers in everything, listen and submit (even when it comes to relationships with women). Therefore, do not expect that when you leave you will become the unquestioning mistress of the house. If you want your family to be friendly and strong, you will need to make every effort to please his mother and establish good relations with her. Then you will definitely become the queen in the house.
Despite the fact that Italians have long been labeled as “mama’s boys,” many women prefer to build relationships with them, because it’s rare to see such a commitment to family values and a sense of respect for the opposite sex. Nevertheless, you should be careful not to run into a parasite who does not leave his parents’ house only because he does not want to work.
Italian men have a reputation as seducers, because flirting can be considered their way of life. Compared to other Europeans, they look like real macho men with their own and respectful attitude towards women. In addition, Italians read a lot, and therefore they have an excellent sense of humor and extraordinary intelligence, which no beauty can resist.
It is worth noting that flirting for an Italian is not just a way to meet the girl he likes. It is as natural as walking, breathing or eating. Perhaps this is why ladies are confident in the sexuality of these men. Italian machos not only respect women, but idolize them. Even if a lady does not have outstanding external characteristics, she will receive a lot of pleasant compliments. And if you manage to catch an Italian in your net, you will be surrounded by attention both in life and in bed.
Italian men are very sensitive to family life. What are they like in marriage? On the one hand, caring and faithful husbands. But on the other hand, their natural tendency to flirt periodically makes itself felt. They cannot remain indifferent to long-legged beauties. Therefore, an Italian wife should always take care of herself in order to remain attractive and interesting.
Of course, any relationship can crack. In case of divorce, an Italian can sever all contacts with his ex-wife, but he will never forget about the children. The man will see them often and support them in every possible way. Moreover, he will not turn them against their mother, but will try to instill respect for her.
There are so many different legends about Italian men that it’s hard to tell what’s true and what’s fiction. Nevertheless, many women dream of how to conquer a brown-eyed brunette. To make a good impression, follow some rules of communication, namely:
There are many stereotypes about Italians. However, they are not always true:
Despite the fact that Italy has given the world many famous actors, singers and artists, unfortunately, there are not so many talented men.
Italian names for men sound very beautiful and romantic. This is another factor that attracts ladies to people from this country. Many people are so passionate about Italian culture that they even give their children names accordingly. So, the most popular are:
Italian men are considered among the most beautiful in the world. If we talk about celebrities, the most attractive, according to the fair half of humanity, are the following people:
The dream of many women is Italian men. The photos show us dark, dark-haired handsome men with burning brown eyes. Italians take care of their appearance and always try to look neat. They are one of the few who understand that if you want to have a beautiful woman next to you, you need to live up to her.
Many legends and stereotypes have been invented about Italians. Of course, they are jealous, expressive, and amorous, but to a much lesser extent than is commonly believed. Italians are witty, educated and very attentive to women. However, be prepared for the fact that his mother may have an influence on your relationship. You shouldn't fight with her. If you are serious, then it is better to make friends with your mother-in-law.
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