Geometry of the Great Pyramid. Egyptian pyramids Pyramid of Cheops angle between faces

“The Pyramid of Cheops, like a “Russian nesting doll,” consists of three pyramids of three pharaohs.” (The thousand-year-old veil of secrecy has been lifted over the Cheops pyramid).

The ancient Egyptian name of the Cheops pyramid is read in hieroglyphs - “Horizon of Khufu”. The name has a literal meaning. The angle of inclination of the side face of the pyramid is 51° 50". - This is the angle at which the Sun rose exactly at noon on the days of the autumn - spring equinox. The Sun at noon, like a “crown”, crowned the pyramid. Throughout the year, the Sun (ancient Egyptian God - Ra) walks across the sky higher in summer, lower in winter (just like the pharaoh through his domains) and the Sun (pharaoh) always returns to his “home”. Therefore, the angle of inclination of the walls of the pyramid points to the house of “God - the Sun” and to the horizon of the “house - the pyramid”. » Pharaoh Khufu (Cheops) - “son of the Sun God” The edges of the walls are at an angle to the Sun not only in this pyramid. In the pyramid of Khafre, the angle of the edge is slightly higher than 52-53 degrees (it was established that it was built later). - 51°20′25″. Historians do not know for sure whether it was built before the Cheops pyramid or later, but taking into account the less steep angle of the walls (if the builders were not mistaken), we can conclude that it was built earlier in relation to the “degree”. age scale”, a slope difference of 30 minutes corresponds to 36 years. Later Egyptian pyramids have higher slopes on their faces.

There are also many pyramids in Sudan, the slope of which is much steeper. Sudan is much further south than Egypt and the Sun on the day of the spring - autumn equinox stands much higher above the horizon there. This explains the steepness of the walls of the Sudanese pyramids. In 820 A.D. The Baghdad caliph Abu Jafar al-Mamun, in search of the countless treasures of the pharaoh, made a horizontal break (2) at the base of the Cheops pyramid (which is used to enter the pyramid to this day). The passage was punched to the beginning of the ascending corridor (6), where they ran into granite cubes, which were bypassed to the right and thus penetrated into the pyramid. But, according to historians, they found nothing but “half a cubit’s worth of dust” inside. If there was anything valuable in the pyramid, the caliph’s servants took it, and what they left, they took it all out over the next 1200 years. It seems that along the walls of the gallery (9) 28 pairs of ritual statues stood in rectangular recesses (the exact purpose of the recesses is not known now). But the fact that there were tall statues is evidenced by two facts - the eight-meter height of the gallery (why would height be needed), as well as large round peeling prints on the walls of the gallery from the remains of the mortar with which the tilted statues were attached and leveled (see photo of the gallery in Wikipedia).

I will disappoint those who are mystically inclined to find “miracles” in the pyramids. Over a hundred pyramids have been discovered in Egypt today, and they are all different from each other. There are different angles of inclination of the faces, there is a pyramid with a “broken side” at a double angle, there are stone and brick pyramids, lined and stepped, even at the base of a rectangular shape (the pyramid of Pharaoh Djoser). If there were some kind of secret law, secret knowledge, and not “varied” opinions, then uniformity would be observed in all the pyramids. - But he’s not there. Even among the three pyramids at Giza, there is no unity. The smaller of the three pyramids of Mikerinus at its base is not oriented strictly to the cardinal points. That is, the orientation of the sides is not given importance. In the main pyramid of Cheops, the third (upper) burial chamber is not located in the geometric center of the pyramid or even on the axis of the pyramid. In the pyramids of Khafre and Mikerin, the burial chambers are also not in the center.

The Minister of Archeology of Egypt and the current main expert on ancient pyramids, Zahi Hawass, says: “Like any practitioner, I decided to check the statement that food does not spoil in the pyramid. Divided a kilogram of meat in half. I left one part in the office and the other in the Cheops pyramid. The part in the pyramid deteriorated even faster than in the office.”

What else can archaeologists do today in the Cheops pyramid? – Perhaps, try to find an above-ground prayer room from the first mastaba, for which we could drill down (vertically or obliquely in the edges and corners) several holes in the floor of the second (7) burial chamber, until an internal cavity is discovered below. In case of failure (if the rooms of the room are located away from the drilling), then find a blocked passage from the grotto (12) or dig the passage again. This will not be detrimental to the pyramid, since there was originally a connecting entrance from the burial pit to the above-ground mastaba room. We need to look for him.

The closed Sphinx is of much greater interest in Egyptian Giza. The stone body of the ancient Sphinx is located from west to east. Burial chambers and burials were also made from west to east. It can be assumed that the Sphinx is an integral part of the above-ground structure above the ancient mastaba of an unknown pharaoh. Searches in this direction would expand the boundaries of knowledge of the history of ancient Egypt or an even earlier civilization, for example, the Atlanteans, whose representatives the Egyptians deified and attributed to their ancient gods-predecessors.

An identification study by American criminologists concluded that the face of the Sphinx does not resemble the faces of the statues of Egyptian pharaohs, but has Negroid features. It is possible that the burial chamber with the mummy of an ancient pharaoh of Negro origin is located under the front paws of the Sphinx. In this case, there must be a passage upward from the chamber for the relocation of the “soul” of the pharaoh, for subsequent life in the body of the Sphinx (according to the beliefs of the ancient Egyptians).

The Sphinx is a lion (symbol of royal power) with a human head and the face of a pharaoh. Presumably, the face of the pharaoh (after plastic restoration of the mummy's skull) will be similar to the face of the Sphinx. The veil over the secret pyramid of Cheops and the Sphinx has been lifted, now you need to “enter”.

The Pyramid of Pharaoh Khufu (in the Greek version of Cheops), or the Great Pyramid, is the greatest of the Egyptian pyramids, the oldest of the seven wonders of the world of antiquity and the only one of them that has survived to our time. For over four thousand years, the pyramid was the largest building in the world.

The Pyramid of Cheops is located in the far suburb of Cairo, Giza. Nearby there are two more pyramids of the pharaohs Khafre and Menkaure (Khefre and Mikerin), according to ancient historians, the sons and successors of Khufu. These are the three largest pyramids in Egypt.

Following ancient authors, most modern historians consider the pyramids to be funerary structures of ancient Egyptian monarchs. Some scientists believe that these were astronomical observatories. There is no direct evidence that pharaohs were buried in the pyramids, but other versions of their purpose are less convincing.

When was the Cheops pyramid built?

Based on ancient “royal lists”, it has been established that Cheops reigned around 2585-2566. BC. Construction of the "Sacred Height" lasted 20 years and ended after the death of Khufu, around 2560 BC.

Other versions of the construction dates, based on astronomical methods, give dates from 2720 to 2577. BC. Radiocarbon dating shows a range of 170 years, from 2850 to 2680. BC.

There are also exotic opinions expressed by supporters of theories of aliens visiting the Earth, the existence of ancient civilizations, or adherents of occult movements. They determine the age of the Cheops pyramid from 6-7 to tens of thousands of years.

How the pyramid was built

The Pyramid of Cheops is still the largest stone building on the planet. Its height is 137 m, the length of the base side is 230.38 m, the angle of inclination of the edge is 51°50", the total volume is about 2.5 million cubic meters. At the time of completion, the height was 9.5 m higher, and the base side was 2 m longer, however, over the past centuries, almost all of the cladding of the pyramid was dismantled. Natural factors also did their job - temperature changes and winds from the desert, carrying clouds of sand.

Ancient Greek historians reported that the construction involved the labor of millions of slaves. Modern researchers believe that with the correct organization of work and engineering, the Egyptians would have had enough tens of thousands of workers to build it. Temporary workers were hired to transport materials, the number of which, according to Herodotus, reached 100 thousand. Modern scientists fully agree with this, as well as with the reality of a 20-year construction period.

The construction of the pyramid was supervised by the head of the royal works, Hemiun. Hemiun's tomb is located next to his creation, and a statue of the architect was discovered in it.

The main material for the construction was gray limestone, which was cut down in nearby quarries or brought from the other bank of the Nile. The pyramid was lined with light sandstone, which is why it literally shone in the sunlight. For interior decoration, granite was used, which was delivered a thousand kilometers away, from the area of ​​​​present-day Aswan. The structure was crowned with a hewn gilded granite block - a pyramidion.

In total, the construction of the pyramid took about 2.3 million limestone blocks and 115 thousand facing slabs. The total weight of the building, according to modern estimates, is almost 6 million tons.

The sizes of the blocks vary. The largest ones are placed at the base, their height is one and a half meters. The blocks are smaller the higher they are located. The height of the block at the top is 55 cm. The length of the facing slabs ranged from 1.5 to 0.75 m.

The work of the pyramid builders was extremely hard. A lot of time and effort required quarrying stone, cutting blocks and adjusting them to the required size. In those days, neither iron nor bronze was known in Egypt. The tools were made of relatively soft copper, so they were quickly ground down and were very expensive. Tools made of flint - saws, drills, hammers - were widely used. Many of them were found during excavations.

The materials were delivered by river, and the stone was transported to the construction site on wooden sleds or rollers. It was hellish work, because the average weight of one block is 2.5 tons, and some of them weighed up to 50 tons.

A variety of devices were used to lift and install the monoliths, and inclined embankments were erected to drag up the most massive elements that make up the lower rows. Images of construction work have been found in a number of Egyptian temples and tombs.

Recently, an original theory has emerged regarding the construction methods of the Egyptians. Scientists who examined the microstructure of the blocks in order to establish their origin discovered foreign inclusions. According to experts, these are the remains of animal hair and human hair, from which scientists concluded that the limestone at the mining sites was crushed and delivered in crushed form to the construction site. Directly at the laying site, blocks were made from the limestone mass, which were thus a semblance of modern concrete structures, and the traces of tools on the blocks are actually the imprints of the formwork.

Be that as it may, the construction was completed, and the grandiose dimensions of the pyramid fully justify supporters of the theories of Atlanteans and aliens who do not believe in the possibilities of human genius.

What's inside the pyramid

The entrance to the pyramid was made at a height of almost 16 meters in the form of an arch made of granite slabs. It was later sealed with granite plug and covered with cladding. The current entrance, 10 meters below, was made in 831 by order of Caliph Al-Mamun, who hoped to find gold here, but did not find anything valuable.

The main rooms are the Pharaoh's chamber, the queen's chamber, the Great Gallery and the underground chamber. The passage made by Al-Mamun leads to a 105-meter inclined corridor, ending in a chamber carved into the rock below the base of the pyramid. Its dimensions are 14x8 m, height 3.5 m. Work here was not completed for unknown reasons.

At 18 meters from the entrance, an ascending corridor 40 meters long, ending in the Great Gallery, separates from the descending corridor. The Gallery itself is a high (8.5 m) tunnel 46.6 m long, leading to the Pharaoh's chamber. The corridor to the queen's chamber branches off from the Gallery at its very beginning. A rectangular ditch, 60 cm deep and 1 m wide, has been punched into the floor of the Gallery; its purpose is unknown.

The length of the pharaoh's chamber is 10.5 m, width 5.4, height 5.84 m. It is lined with black granite slabs. There is an empty granite sarcophagus here. The queen's chamber is more modest - 5.76 x 5.23 x 6.26 m.

Channels 20-25 cm wide lead from the burial chambers to the surface of the pyramid. The channels of the king’s chamber open at one end into the room, and at the other onto the surface of the pyramid. The channels of the queen's chamber begin 13 cm from the wall and do not reach 12 m to the surface, and both ends of the channels are closed with stone doors with handles. It is assumed that the channels were made to ventilate the premises during work. Another version, associated with the beliefs of the Egyptians, claims that this is the path to the afterlife that the souls of the deceased had to go through.

No less mysterious is another small room, the Grotto, to which an almost vertical passage leads from the beginning of the Great Gallery. The grotto is located at the junction of the base of the pyramid and the hill on which it stands. The walls of the Grotto are reinforced with rather roughly processed stone. It is assumed that this is part of some structure more ancient than the pyramid.

It is necessary to mention one discovery related to the pyramid. In 1954, two stone-lined pits were discovered near the southern edge, in which there were pharaoh's boats made of Lebanese cedar. One of the rooks has been restored and is now in a special pavilion next to the pyramid. Its length is 43.5 m, width 5.6 m.

The study of the Cheops pyramid continues. Research using the latest methods used in exploration of the earth's interior shows with a high degree of probability the existence of unknown caverns inside the pyramid. So it is quite possible that scientists can expect new interesting finds and discoveries.

In the meantime, the Great Pyramid keeps its secrets, standing proudly in the middle of the desert, just like thousands of years ago. After all, as the ancient Arabic proverb states, everything in the world is afraid of time, but time is afraid of the pyramids.

Simple geometric relationships between the elements of the internal structure of the Cheops pyramid allow us to get an idea of ​​the original plan of the ancient architects.

On September 16, 2002, live on the National Geographics channel, a small robot named Pyramid Rover transmitted an image that captured what was beyond the so-called. "Gantenbrink's door", discovered in 1993 in one of the narrow 20-centimeter shafts piercing the Heps pyramid. Over the 9 years of ongoing debate, various assumptions have been made about the purpose of the mines and the “secret door”. Some believed that the shafts inside the pyramid were intended for ventilation, others spoke of their symbolic purpose, others saw technical functions, and others drew attention to special acoustic properties that could cause psychedelic phenomena. Classical Egyptologists assured that there could be nothing behind the “door”, at best a serdab, a small statue of the pharaoh, symbolizing his soul - “Ka”. Others hoped to find a secret chamber behind the door, filled with ancient artifacts, possibly of extraterrestrial origin...

Photo 1. Gantenbrink door, photo 1993

Photo 2. On the other side of the door, 09/16/2002

In fact, behind Gantenbrink's door there was another door, or rather an unpolished block. As one might expect, the Egyptian Council of Antiquities did not continue the research, announcing that “we need to think about what to do next.” Meanwhile, the robot was exploring another mine coming from the so-called. chamber of the queen, found in it a copy of the “Gantenbrink door” with the same copper pins and at approximately the same distance (60m) from the beginning of the shaft. With this, the expedition, which had excited the entire Egyptological world, ended, leaving Egyptologists and amateurs even more in the dark about the purpose of the shafts and “doors” in the mysterious pyramid.

Photo 3. Door in the lower northern shaft, 09/20/2002.

Here is what is known today about the only surviving seven wonders of the world - the Pyramid of Cheops: built approximately 4500 years ago during the IV dynasty of the pharaohs of the Ancient Egyptian Kingdom, height - 146.5 m (now about 8 m of the top is missing, as is the outer cladding), side length - 230.5m. The pyramid is made of 2.5 million sandstone blocks weighing from 0.5 to 2 tons. Inside the pyramid (Fig. 1) there are three chambers. The lower underground chamber (c) is located 30 meters below the center of the base of the pyramid. It is accessed by a 105m long corridor (b) at an angle of 26.52° from the entrance, located at a height of 17m from the base of the northern side. The first above-ground chamber ((f), the so-called "Queen's Chamber") is located on the central axis of the pyramid at a height of 21.2 m above the base. The second above-ground chamber (j), the "King's Chamber" measuring 5.25x10.47m with a ceiling of 5.85m, is located at a height of 42.95m and is shifted south of the central axis of the pyramid by 11.02m. The walls and roof of the “King’s Chamber” and the five “unloading chambers” (k) located above it are made of granite blocks weighing up to 40 tons. The upper chamber is led by the “Great Gallery” (h), 47.8 m long, 8 m high and 2.09 m wide, inclined at an angle of 26.22°.

From the upper chambers to the surface of the pyramid, shafts with a cross-section of approximately 20x25 cm are laid, directed at different angles to its southern and northern faces. The upper shafts lead from the king's chamber directly to the surface of the pyramid. The inclination of the southern shaft is 45°, the northern one is 32.6°. The southern lower shaft (the same one where Rudolf Gantenbrink discovered the first of the “doors” in 1993) is inclined at an angle of 39.61°. The northern lower shaft was built to bypass the Great Gallery, so it has many breaks; its slope has not been precisely measured. The upper shafts are (and may have been) used for ventilation (although the use of ventilation shafts in the tomb(?) is highly controversial). During the construction of the pyramid, the lower shafts were closed from the side of the “Queen’s Chamber”: the walls of the chamber were made of blocks; grooves were cut in these blocks, which are not through holes: their depth is the width of the block minus 10 cm. The shafts were found by tapping the walls of the chamber; there were no traces on the walls indicating the presence of anything in the depths of the solid block.

Inside the Queen's Chamber there is a stepped niche 4.67m high; perhaps it was in it that the statue of the pharaoh - serdab, which was a mandatory attribute of the tombs of ancient Egyptian kings, was originally located. As a matter of fact, the location of the statue in this chamber allows Egyptologists to discuss the symbolic meaning of the lower shafts: according to the views of the ancient Egyptians, communication with the world of the dead, the world of the gods, should occur through “false doors,” which are actually symbols of doors, while serdab - a symbolic image of a person must preserve the soul’s own “I”.

According to Mark Lechner, one of the leading experts in the field of Egyptology, the lower shafts are intended for the soul of the pharaoh - his “Ka”, flying simultaneously in two directions: to the north, to the world of the everlasting eternal stars Duat, and to the south, to Orion, personifying the great Egyptian god of the dead Osiris. Duat - a region of stars that never go beyond the horizon, located in a circle of 30° around the axis of rotation of the sky (30° is the latitude at which the pyramid is located, so the stellar axis of rotation, where the North Star is now located, has a declination of 30° to the horizon ). Although Lechner’s latest statements are somewhat inconsistent with astronomical data on the position of the stars 4500 years ago, the position of the outstanding Egyptologist is significant: until recently, classical Egyptology generally sought to avoid the question of the purpose of the shafts, declaring the two lower shafts almost entirely an architectural mistake or the result of a change in the original construction plan.

Be that as it may, the times of the Ancient Kingdom of the IV Dynasty continue to remain a “black box” for historians and archaeologists. There is still no clear evidence whether the pyramids at Giza are pharaonic tombs, tomb temples, or temples of an ancient religion whose meaning is still unclear. The level of ancient mathematical, astronomical and architectural knowledge also remains a mystery: judging by the perfection, accuracy and enormous scale of the Cheops pyramid, it was surprisingly high. Thus, a huge 230-meter structure the height of a 50-story building was strictly oriented, down to centimeters and hundredths of a degree, along the north-south axis; the precision of processing the joints of granite slabs is less than the thickness of a human hair; the error in the location of the Queen's Chamber relative to the vertical axis of the pyramid is 0.76 cm.

All this allows us to speak about the existence of a clear architectural plan of the ancient builders, the understanding of which could bring us closer to unraveling many of the secrets of the Giza pyramids. Numerous attempts to discover this plan have so far been unsuccessful; however, many are convinced that such a plan exists. But let's return to the plan of the interior of the 1st pyramid; Perhaps an understanding of the architectural principles of its construction will make it possible to further decipher the plan of Giza.

As for the mysterious doors in the lower shafts, it may turn out that they lead to the “unsacred” technical rooms of the pyramid. It is possible, of course, that there is a passage from these rooms to the upper part of the pyramid, where, perhaps, the main sacred chamber is still preserved intact.

Rudolf Gantenbrink in his article "Ascertaining and evaluating relevant structural points using the Cheops Pyramid as an example" proposed the following approximations for some angular values ​​of the geometric elements of the Cheops Pyramid:

Pyramid angle =atan(14/11) =51.842 degrees (see also the works of Gerasim Andreev);

The inclination angle of the upper northern shaft = atan(7/11) = 32.471 degrees.

Obviously, the tangent of the second angle is equal to, or at least very close to, 1/2 the tangent of the angle of inclination of the pyramid's faces (the actual value measured by Gantenbrink is 32.6 degrees). Geometrically, this could mean that the shaft passes through the vertical axis of the pyramid at 1/2 of its height. In fact, this is not the case; the intersection of the shaft with the axis is at a height of slightly less than 1/3 of the distance from the surface to the top of the pyramid (Fig. 2). But the geometric design of the interior of the pyramid is not limited to the surface level; there are passages and rooms underground.

C.F. Petrie in 1883 associated the angles of inclination of the ascending and descending corridors, equal to 26.22° and 26.52°, respectively, with the theoretical value of the angle of 26.56° of a right triangle with legs 2:1. Figure 3 shows a 2:1 rectangle, the diagonals of which coincide with the main corridors of the pyramid; the connection of this rectangle with the upper northern shaft is obvious.

In Fig.4. a possible construction is presented that links the positions and angles of inclination of corridors and shafts. The upper shafts reach the surface at 2/3 of the height of the “great pyramid”; the location of the “Gantenbrink door” corresponds to 2/3 of the height of the rectangle, the diagonal of which coincides with the lower southern shaft where the door is located.

According to many theories, the base angle of the pyramid was 51.8428, that is, atan(14/11). The ancient Egyptians had a concept of “seced”, very similar in meaning to our modern tangent, that is, the ratio of the legs of a right triangle. Ancient architects would say that the seced of the Cheops pyramid is 14 to 11, and the seced of the second pyramid (Chephren) is 4 to 3 (the angle of the second pyramid is 53.13°=atan(4/3) .

1. It is known that the level of the king's chamber Hkc corresponds with high accuracy to the height of the pyramid Hp, divided by the square root of two: Hkc=Hp(1-1/sqrt(2)). As noted by Livio Stecchini in the book "Pyramids of Egypt", the height of the king's chamber corresponds to the "half-surface line" of the pyramid, on which the horizontal sectional area of ​​the pyramid Skc is equal to half the area of ​​the base: Sb = 2Skc.
2. Next, a connection can be established between the location of the ascending and descending passages and the surface level. From the middle of the base of the pyramid, draw a perpendicular to one of the sides and construct a rhombus in which the side of the pyramid and the perpendicular to it will be diagonals. The long side of the rhombus is also the larger side of the triangle, the lower leg of which passes through the point of intersection of the line of the descending corridor (slope 26.56?, sec 1:2) with the vertical axis of the pyramid.
3. Suppose a large triangle has side lengths of 14 and 11. It turns out that the distance from the surface of the earth to the top of the pyramid is exactly 11 9/28, that is, 317/28, given that 317 = 142 + 112, then as the distance between the top and the level of the king's chamber is exactly 8. Now, if 317/28 is divided by 8, we can get the fraction 317/224, which is a very good approximation for calculating the root of two with an accuracy of 0.9993 pu.

In addition, the points of exit to the surface of the upper shafts are at a horizontal distance of exactly 4 from the axis of the pyramid, and the upper northern shaft exactly corresponds to the diagonal of a rectangle with sides 12 and 12 * 14/11, the axis of which coincides with the axis of the pyramid.
4. So, geometric constructions can be obtained that define the main elements of the pyramid. The upper northern and lower southern shafts are built along the diagonals of rectangles 12x15 3/11 and 12x20, circumscribed around the pyramid (see Fig. 4). The upper southern shaft is built on the diagonal of a 4x4 square located 4*14/11 "units" below the top of the pyramid.

The location of the queen's chamber (position 1 in the figure) corresponds to 1/2 the height of the ascending passage, that is, the level of the king's chamber minus the height of the "great step" at the end of the Great Gallery. This step is perhaps a result of the fact that the slope of the ascending passage is not 26.5651? (1:2), but only 26.22.

The king's chamber (position 2) is deviated from the axis of the pyramid by 21 cubits (11.01m). This value may be related to the location of the unopened chamber (position 4), into which a technical corridor leads with a slope of 1:2, passing in close proximity to the “Gantenbrink door” (position 3). It is possible that this corridor once opened directly onto the southern side of the pyramid to a height of 7 7/11, counting from the top of the pyramid.

The last figure shows an overlay of the geometric constructions described above on an electronic drawing of the pyramid, taken from Rudolf Gantenbrink’s website www.cheops.org (the camera positions were further refined according to Petri). A copy of the drawing in .wmf format can be obtained here.

It would be tempting to look for some sacred patterns in the constructions presented above; you can, for example, try to link them with celestial mechanics, with the location of constellations and solar trajectories: it was not for nothing that the ancient Egyptians considered the Cheops pyramid to be the personification of the “primary hill,” the sacred Mount Meru. But any associations of this kind will inevitably be of a speculative nature: after all, the starry sky is an inexhaustible source of data that can be easily used to “confirm” any hypotheses.

However, there is reason to believe that the solution to the geometry and internal structure of the Cheops pyramid is not so far away. In a year or so, the chairman of the Egyptian Council of Antiquities, Zahi Hawass, will agree to continue the research. Perhaps, after removing the stone plugs in the depths of the pyramid, ancient altars with Cheops serdabs will open, which many Egyptologists are counting on. But why then are the lower exits of the mines sealed tightly? After all, in the tombs there were always images or niches of “false doors”: here on the walls of the chamber there are no indications for the “Ka” of the pharaoh that could help his soul in finding paths to the stars... Another hypothesis is about the presence of hidden tombs at the ends the lower shafts are also unlikely: they are too close to the outer surface of the pyramids. Rather, behind the “doors” some technical rooms or passages may be found leading deeper into the pyramid - unless, of course, they were walled up in ancient times.

Part II.

Over the past hundred and fifty years, the pyramids of Giza have been measured, carefully studied and described many times. However, until now we have not been able to figure out even such seemingly obvious things as the measurement system of the ancient Egyptians. It is believed that the basic unit of length during the construction of the pyramids was the cubit, equal to approximately 20.62 inches (52.37 cm). The elbow was divided into 7 palms, and the palm into 4 fingers. One might expect that the geometric dimensions of the pyramid and its interior spaces should be measured in whole units - in elbows, palms, or at least fingers. But in reality this is not so: the base of the pyramid, well preserved and carefully measured, is 9068 inches or 439.76 cubits, that is, 439 cubits 3 palms plus 1/4 finger. Other measurements give similar results, with the exception of the dimensions of the main interior room - the "King's Chamber" (KC). According to Petrie's measurements, the KC is 216.15 inches wide, 412.3 inches long, and 230 inches high. The width and height, measured in cubits, are supposed to be 10 and 20 respectively; and many researchers consider the height of the chamber to be ~11.18=10*Ö5/2 cubits. The value Ö5/2 is usually associated with the “golden ratio” Ф=1.618=(1+Ö5)/2; it is easy to obtain by taking the diagonal of a parallelepiped with a base of 10x20 equal to 25 (Fig. 1); in this case, the diagonal of the smaller of the lateral sides of the parallelepiped is 15.

But let's return to the measured value of the base of the pyramid, equal to 9068 inches. If we consider that the base was measured with the same measuring instrument as the inner chambers, the length of the base would be 439.87 cubits. This value is close to 440, so the difference of 0.13 cubits could be considered a construction error. But the accuracy of the structure is so great that the difference between the lengths of the sides of the base is less than the expected error. Petrie believed that the ancient builders introduced a special amendment to the base number 440 in order to achieve a value closer to 1/2 the circumference of the circle, the diameter of which is equal to the height of the pyramid, that is, 280 cubits. Theoretically, such an amendment should have been 440-280/2*pi=0.177 cubits or approximately 1 palm 1 finger with the “exact” length of the sides of the base being 439.823 cubits. Petrie did not notice, however, one detail that may be important: if the sides of the base are 439.823, then the diagonal will be 622.0036 cubits. It is quite possible that, as in the case of the height of the King's Chamber, the architects expressed in whole numbers not the side, but the diagonal! Moreover, the length of the side of the horizontal section of the pyramid at the KC level is 311 = 622/2 cubits.

The number 311 may suggest how the ancient Egyptians managed to find out such an accurate value of pi: it is possible that they simply measured the circumference of a circle with diameter D with high accuracy, obtaining the number pi as the ratio between the circumference and its diameter. Let us remember that the word “geometry” translated from Greek means measuring the earth, and the ancient Egyptians have been skilled land surveyors for a long time.

John Legon argues that the ratio 22/7 as an approximation to pi has a "natural" character associated with the ancient Egyptian system of measurement in which the basic unit, the cubit, was divided into 7 palms. Indeed, the circumference of a circle with a diameter of 1 cubit = 7 palms is approximately 22 palms. Likewise, the diagonal of a square with a side of 10 cubits = 70 palms is approximately 99 palms. Moreover, as will be shown below, the circumference of a square with a side of 10 cubits is very close to 311 cubits.

Let's check how accurate these approximations are.

1. The circumference of a circle with a diameter of 10 cubits = 70 palms
l=pi*d=pi*70=219.915~220
e=0.04%
It is possible that the ancient Egyptians were able to detect a discrepancy of 0.09 palms = 0.6 cm when measuring a circle of approximately 16.5 meters in length.

2. The diagonal of a square with a side of 10 cubits = 70 palms
d=sqrt(2)*70=98.995~99
e=0.005%
This time the error is 0.005 palms or 0.03 cm. But in this case, it is easier to detect the error since it is measured in a straight line.

3. The length of a circle circumscribed around a square with a side of 10 cubits = 70 palms
l=pi*d=pi*a*sqrt(2)=pi*70*sqrt(2)=311.0018~311
e=0.0005%
Now we need to measure an error of 0.0018 palms, which is only 0.013 cm, with a total circumference of 23.3 m. It is safe to assume that the ancient Egyptians could not measure curves with an accuracy of 0.0005%, therefore, they could well believe that the presented construction there is an exact solution to the "squaring the circle" problem. It should be noted, however, that the expression includes the irrational number sqrt(2); if the 99/70 approximation is used instead, then the number pi can be expressed as 311/99 = 3.141414, which gives a relatively large calculation error.
4. Diagonal of a square with a side of 99 palms
d=sqrt(2)*99=140.0071~140
e=0.005%
It is interesting that the error in this case is equal in magnitude, but opposite in sign to the error from step 2, so
(99/70+140/99)/2=1.414214
gives an approximation to the square root of two accurate to the ninth digit!

Suppose the ancient Egyptians wanted to create a pyramid whose base perimeter would be equal to the length of a circle with a radius equal to the height of the pyramid. The height of the pyramid is taken equal to 280=4*70; A square with a diagonal of 622=2*311 is placed at the base. In this case, the perimeter of the base is p=4*2*311/sqrt(2); and the circumference l=2*280*pi=2*4*70*pi=2*4*311/sqrt(2) according to paragraph 3. Thus p=l, - the required condition is achieved: the perimeter of the base is 1759.282=2488/sqrt(2), and the length of the circle is 280*pi=1759.292, which corresponds to 2488/sqrt(2) with an error of less than 0.0005%. Note that The pyramid architects thus circumvented the problem of irrationality of sqrt(2). If the pyramid had been designed with other basic parameters, for example, with a base width of a=400 cubits, then the height would have to be calculated using the formula h=4a/pi~4*400/(70*sqrt(2)). To avoid irrationality in the constructed measurements, the architects simply introduced it into the source data, setting a=622/sqrt(2).
Thus, builders planned the site by measuring diagonals rather than sides. This also made it possible to control the position of the center, which seems important for solving the practical construction problem of bringing the faces together at the top of the pyramid. The slightest deviation from the central axis of the pyramid could result in a catastrophic construction error; By measuring the diagonals and tracking the point of their intersection, as well as the equality of the sides, builders were able to accurately track the position of the corners relative to the center.

Fig.3 The perimeter of the base of the pyramid is equal to the length of the circle, the radius of which is equal to the height of the pyramid.

To be convinced that the ancient architects were guided by similar constructions, it is enough to take another look at the internal structure of the pyramid. Stecchini noticed that the main chamber of the pyramid (King's Chamber, KC) is located at such a height above the surface at which the horizontal cross-sectional area of ​​the pyramid is half the area of ​​the base (Fig. 4).

Fig.4. The level of the King's Chamber is at Ö2/2 the height of the pyramid in relation to its top

In other words, the camera is located at a height equal to Hkc=Hp(1-1/sqrt(2)). According to point 2, this height should be 280-99*2=82 cu, the actual measured value is 82.08 cubits, giving an error of no more than 4.5 cm. Further, Legon showed that the position and inclination of the upper and lower shafts can be associated with great accuracy with a simple geometric design based on three squares with sides of 198 cubits (see Fig. 5). In particular, the horizontal section of the pyramid at the exit points of the upper shafts is 198 = 99 * 2 cubits.
Fig.5. The inclination of the shafts emerging from the outer chambers corresponds exactly to the structure of three squares with sides of 198 cubits

The purpose of the shafts inside the pyramid is still unknown. The formerly fashionable theory that the shafts could have been used to ventilate burial chambers (?) is now being replaced by various astronomical approaches. Indeed, it is possible to associate the orientation of the shafts with various stars. According to the ritual, the two parts of the soul, Ka and Ba, would have to unite for the soul to gain immortality. The ancient Egyptians imagined Ka and Ba as birds with human heads, living in the skies among the never-setting eternal stars of the North and the constellations of the South. But the stars of the north and south do not look into the mines at the same time; If the ancient Egyptians believed that Ka or Ba needed mines to get to the image of Ren (statue or mummy), they would have had to come up with some kind of snare to hold the first bird until the second appeared. Apparently, Ka and Ba were supposed to unite outside of Ren; however, we have too few facts about the religion and beliefs of the Old Kingdom to say anything. It is important that similar shafts have not been found in any other pyramid or burial.
Be that as it may, a geometric interpretation of the mines exists and, in our opinion, looks quite convincing. Perhaps this geometry somehow reflects the astronomical views of the ancient Egyptians; if so, then the architects certainly succeeded in tying together cosmology and the geometry of “star” or “ventilation” shafts.

In general, the main parameters of the external and internal structure of the pyramid are characterized by the values ​​and structures presented in Fig. 6 and Table 1:

Table 1
Theor Fact error, see
Pyramid height: 280=140*2 cu 280 cu -
Base diagonal: 622=311*2 622 cu -
Main chamber level 82 = 2*(140 - 99) 82.08 cu 4.1
Side length
horizontal section
at the level of KS 311 311 -
Queen's chamber level 41 = 140-99 40.5...41.5 ?
Pyramid entry level 32.5=82-99/2 32.4 5.2
Entrance to the lower chamber -58=41-99 -57.8 10.4 (?)

The exact level of the Queen's Chamber (QC) is quite difficult to establish, since there are no floors in the chamber. According to some assumptions, the chamber was originally covered with wooden floors. In horizontal to

The unusual properties of the pyramids are described in such a large volume of relevant publications that they could be used to construct buildings much larger than the famous pyramids of Giza. Simple, harmonious and at the same time, mysterious forms of these ancient structures have been discovered on almost all the continents of planet Earth, and what is especially surprising is that not so long ago an American research probe brought to us their images from the surface of Mars.

The oldest location on earth for pyramids is Tibet.

Around the sacred Mount Kailash, which also resembles a pyramid in its shape, there is a whole complex of ancient pyramidal monuments. Their mutual arrangement is so reminiscent of the structure of the genetic code - the DNA molecule, that a hypothesis has emerged about the involvement of this complex, created by an unknown intelligence to us, in the emergence of life on Earth.

There is a complex similar to the Tibetan one on Chinese territory, but the authorities are restricting access to this mysterious place.

In South America there is a sacred valley of the Incas, also consisting of a complex of temples and pyramids. There is a legend among local residents that this complex was built in ancient times by fair-skinned and fair-haired people.

In the center of the famous Bermuda Triangle, on the seabed, a pyramid was discovered that was larger in size than the Cheops pyramid. Its smooth, polished edges are made of an unknown material reminiscent of glass or ceramics.

Not long ago, a complex of 37 underground pyramids up to 45 meters high was discovered in Crimea. Their material is heterogeneous and consists of metal oxides and organic compounds. A Crimean group of researchers put forward a hypothesis about the cosmic function of the pyramids, which act as special generators of torsion fields, the so-called shape generators, in which the torsion field is formed without rotation. In this capacity, the pyramids perform the functions of receiving and transmitting devices connecting the bowels of our planet with the Cosmos.

According to one hypothesis, the Egyptian pyramids on the Giza plateau, which include the most famous pyramid of Cheops, were built more than 10 thousand years ago by representatives of the legendary civilization of Atlantis. The Atlantean civilization was in many ways superior to ours in terms of its level of development, however, they did not avoid internal confrontation, which became the cause of a global catastrophe. As a result of this disaster, Atlantis disappeared into the depths of the sea.

Ancient Egypt, in which the Atlanteans had their settlements, on the eve of the catastrophe, became the site of the construction of giant pyramid-shaped structures. The Atlanteans built them with the expectation of transferring their colossal knowledge about Nature and Space to the future, many millennia distant from them. This knowledge is hidden in the geometry of the pyramids, in their relative position, in those mysterious dungeons that, with the help of ultra-modern technology, Japanese researchers discovered under the pyramids.

It was in our difficult time of change that the mysterious messengers of the past revealed some of their secrets to those seeking knowledge.

The most significant discovery was the fact of the presence in geometry Cheops pyramid based on the Golden Ratio principle. This principle was first formulated by Euclid: the ratio of the whole to its larger part must be equal to the ratio of the larger part to the smaller. If you divide a straight line segment into two unequal parts in such a way that its length (a + b) relates to the larger part (a) as this larger part relates to the smaller one (c), this will be a graphic representation of the principle of the Golden Section.

Everything related to natural systems is subject to the principle of the Golden Section - these are the proportions of the human body, the structure of the genetic code - DNA and RNA molecules, the sound and color series, the system of chemical elements and the rotation periods of the planets of the solar system are built on this principle.

Everything that gives a person a feeling of harmony is created according to this “golden principle”.

In the Cheops pyramid, the principle of the Golden Section is reflected in the triangle section along the axis of symmetry in the vertical plane (Fig. 3)

The sum of 2 equal sides of an isosceles triangle GCF is related to its base in the same way as the sum of equal sides and the base is to the sum of equal sides, i.e.:

Such equality is possible only if the angle of inclination of the faces of the CFG pyramid is 53 degrees. It is precisely this tilt that takes place in the Cheops pyramid, which can conditionally be called classical.

A pyramid built according to the principle of the Golden Section generates with its shape a special torsion field that harmonizes the surrounding space, putting in order everything that is in the zone of its influence. It is this unique harmonious combination of the dimensions of the base of the pyramid and its height that allows it to work most efficiently in the “Earth-Space” mode, which will be discussed in the next chapter. It is probably this factor that explains the following properties of the pyramids, tested in practice:

Neutralization of harmful radiation from pathogenic zones.
With the help of pyramids, by selecting their height and relative position, it is possible to neutralize or reduce to a value safe for humans the dangerous influence of geopathogenic zones, both natural and man-made. Pyramids are used both in open areas and indoors, for example, to neutralize geopathogenic zones in an apartment. Here it is necessary to note that the torsion field of the pyramid reaches its maximum value when its faces are oriented strictly along the cardinal points. Usually, using a compass, one of the faces of the pyramid is oriented towards the north.

Neutralization of harmful radiation from computers, TV, electrical appliances.
Photographs of the aura of a person exposed to these radiations, taken with the help of special equipment before and after the installation of a neutralizer pyramid, actually show the restoration of the dimensions of the aura suppressed by harmful radiation. Instrumental studies also showed a reduction in the elevated radiation background of the room to a safe level for humans after installing a neutralizer pyramid in it.

General improvement of the human body.

Numerous examples from the literature on pyramidology allow us to state the facts of the beneficial effect of the pyramid field on the human body. Under its influence, the duration of diseases is significantly reduced, metabolic processes in the body are stabilized, and the healing of wounds and fractures is accelerated. Under the influence of the energy of the pyramids, viruses and bacteria die, thereby preventing the spread of epidemics.

Particularly interesting are the properties of water charged in the upper third of the volume of the pyramid. It has a rejuvenating effect on the human body, strengthens the immune system, and relieves chronic fatigue syndrome.

Our compatriot, the famous Egyptologist Mikhail Vladimirovich Saryatin, who took the pseudonym Enel, conducted a series of experiments with pyramids in the 60s of the last century, identifying several types of their radiation. One of them, which the researcher called the “Pi” beam, destroys tumor cells and destroys microbes, the second, the Omega beam, rejuvenates and heals the human body, increases its immune properties.

This short list does not exhaust the list of amazing properties of the pyramids that have now been discovered. However, as an “exotic” feature, it is worth mentioning such a rather unusual property of the pyramid field as sharpening razor blades. This effect was discovered by the Czech engineer Karl Drable in the middle of the last century. During a trip to Egypt as a tourist, an inquisitive Czech noticed that after his visit to the Cheops Pyramid, a dull safety razor blade that accidentally ended up in his pocket regained its novelty. Interested in this effect, Drable made a model of the pyramid and conducted a series of experiments that showed that the greatest effect of sharpening the blade occurs at a height of 1/2 to 1/3 from the base of the pyramid. In this case, the pyramid was oriented with its edge to the north, and the tip of the razor placed in it was oriented to the west. He subsequently patented his discovery.

However, the most interesting thing in this story is the results of research on a blade sharpened in such an exotic way. Photography through a microscope and spectral analysis showed that its structure was restored due to the introduction of additional mass of metal, and precisely from the same deposit where the ore containing the metal of the main blade was mined. All this is very reminiscent of teleportation, known from science fiction stories - the instantaneous movement of a material object from one point in space to another.

Properties of the Cheops pyramid.

Veynik V.A.

Introduction.

Word " pyramid"" was produced by the famous "ancient" author Pliny the Elder from the word "flame", which means in Greek pyr - fire, heat. And since the sounds "r" and "l" were mixed in Egypt, the word "pyramid = pyramid" immediately comes close to the Slavic word “flame.” So, the words “pie”, “flame”, “pyramid = pyramid” turn out to have the same root! Perhaps they all came from the Slavic word “flame”.
Pyramid- a polyhedron, the base of which is a polygon, and the remaining faces are triangles having a common vertex.
Center of gravity of the pyramid volume(or cone) lies on a straight segment connecting the top of the pyramid (cone) with the center of gravity of the base, at a distance equal to 3/4 of the length of this segment, counting from the top.

Pyramid of Khufu (Cheops).

Wikipedia help: Pyramid of Pharaoh Khufu (Cheops is the Greek spelling of the Egyptian name), The Great Pyramid of Giza is the largest of the Egyptian pyramids, the only one of the “Seven Wonders of the World” that has survived to this day. The supposed architect of the Great Pyramid is Hemiun, the vizier and nephew of Cheops. Construction time - IV dynasty (2560-2540 BC). In Egypt, the date for the start of construction of the Cheops Pyramid is officially established and celebrated - August 23, 2480 BC. This date was obtained using the astronomical method of the Englishwoman Kate Spence.
Spence Keith(Spence Kate), British Egyptologist. He currently teaches Ancient Egyptian Archeology at the University of Cambridge. In 1997 she was awarded a doctorate from Christ's College, Cambridge. Email: [email protected]
There is a story by a certain “ancient Greek” historian Herodotus(nickname Herodotus - the Old Giver, probably lived in the 14th-15th centuries AD) about the pyramids, which received significant attention in his work “Muses” or “History” [“History. Euterpe”, book 2]: paragraph 124. “The construction of the pyramid itself lasted 20 years. It is four-sided, each side is 8 plephres wide and the same height, and is made of hewn stones carefully fitted to each other. Each stone is at least 30 feet long.”
Here plephr(or pletra, ancient Greek pletron) - a unit of length in Ancient Greece, equal to 100 Greek or 104 Roman feet (feet), which is 30.65 m; Byzantine length measure from 29.81 to 35.77 m.
IN 1638 English mathematician and astronomer John Greaves(John Greavs, 1602-1652), who graduated from Oxford and taught geometry in London, decided to go to Egypt. He explored the internal passages of the Cheops pyramid and was the first to take measurements. The height of the pyramid was 144 m, or 149 m if the missing capstone is taken into account. The errors in his calculations did not exceed three to four meters. Greaves published the results of his measurements and research in the book “Pyramidography, or Discourse on the Pyramids in Egypt” (London, 1646). This was actually the first scientific book about pyramids.
IN 1661 English traveler Edward Melton(Edward Melton) measured the Great Pyramid and was the first to visit the pyramids of Dashura (the southernmost “pyramid field”, 26 km south of Cairo, on the west bank of the Nile). In his work “Sights and Ancient Monuments Seen During a Travel in Egypt” (Amsterdam, 1661), he also included images of the pyramids.
IN 1799 year in his multi-volume work, the French engineer, geographer and archaeologist Edme-François Jomard(Edme Francois Jomard, 1777-1862), together with other scientists (at least 175), accompanied Napoleon’s army to Egypt (1798-1801), compiled the first scientific description of the Cheops pyramid and carried out the first accurate measurements - he was the first to establish the exact height of the pyramid - 144 m , the angle of inclination of its sides is 51°19"14" and the length of the edge from top to base is 184.722 m.
In 1842-1862. E.-F. Jomar published a collection of "Monuments of the History of Geography".
Jomard Edme Francois, "Les monuments de la geographie; ou, Recueil d"anciennes cartes europeenes et orientales, (Atlas)" ("Monuments of the history of geography; or, Collection of former maps, European and oriental, (Atlas)", Paris: Duprat , etc. 1842-1862).
IN 1837 English colonel William Howard-Weese(William Howard-Vyse, 1784-1853) measured the angle of inclination of the faces of the pyramid: it turned out to be equal to 51°51". This value is still recognized by most researchers today. The indicated value of the angle corresponds to a tangent equal to 1.27306. This value corresponds to the ratio of the height of the pyramid to half of its foundation. Weese's research was published in the three-volume work "Work carried out on the Pyramids of Giza in 1837" (London, 1840-1842).

Fig.1. Pyramid of Cheops (view from the east).

The main dimensions of the pyramid of Khufu (Cheops).

1) Platform at the top: originally crowned with a granite pyramid (pyramidion). The summit was supposedly destroyed by an earthquake in 1301. Today, the top of the pyramid is a square with sides of about 10 m. During the Second World War, a British air defense post was located on the site.
2) Pyramid height: 146.721  148.153 m (calculated). Most likely, the exact size is 146.59 m, and the remaining values ​​are just varying degrees of rounding.
Height of the pyramid (today): ≈ 138.75 m.
3) Base length: 230.365  232.867 m (calculated).
Length of the sides of the base: south - 230.454 m (+/- 6 mm); north - 230.251 m (+/- 10 mm); west - 230.357 m; east - 230.394 m.
4) Apothem of the lateral face: 186.539  188.415 m (calculated).
5) Side face (rib) length: 230.33 m (calculated).
Side length (currently): about 225 m.
6) Side face angle(Alpha main): 51°49"  51°52"06".
7) Number of layers (tiers) of stone blocks- 210 pcs. (at the time of construction).
Now there are 203 layers.
8) Entrance to the pyramid is located at an altitude of 15.63 m on the north side.

Fig.2. Pyramid of Cheops (view from the north).

Some size ratios.

According to experts, the estimated height of the Great Pyramid 146,59 m.
a) The ratio of the height of the pyramid to the length of the base is 7:11. It is this ratio that determines the angle of 51°51", the angle of inclination of the side faces.
b) The ratio of the perimeter of the base (921.453 m) to the height (146.59 m) gives the number 6.28, that is, a number close to 2π.
A study of the geometry of the Great Pyramid does not provide a clear answer to the question of the original proportions of this structure. It is assumed (!) that the Egyptians had an idea of ​​the “golden ratio” and the number “Pi”, which were reflected in the proportions of the pyramid.

On the side is the “golden ratio”.

Wikipedia help: Golden ratio (golden ratio, division in extreme and average ratio) - the ratio of two quantities, equal to the ratio of their sum to the larger of the given quantities. The approximate value of the golden ratio is
1 = 0,6+ 0,381966011250105151795413165634362.
For practical purposes, approximate values ​​of 0.62 and 0.38 are often used. If segment AB is taken to be 100 parts, then the larger part of the segment is 62, and the smaller part is 38 parts.
It is generally accepted that the concept of the “golden” division was introduced into scientific use by Pythagoras(VI century BC), although he did not write his treatises, in addition, none of the subsequent “ancient” authors ever quoted from the works of Pythagoras or even pointed to the existence of such works. However, take note, reader: “Pythagoras’ place in the history of world philosophical and religious systems is on a par with Zarathushtra, Gina Mahavira, Buddha, Kong Fuzi and Lao Tzu. His teaching is imbued with clarity and enlightenment.”
In the old literature that has come down to us, the “golden” division is first mentioned in Euclid’s Elements (the author’s nickname, meaning “Illustrious,” or even the title of the book itself, “Well Bound”). The ancient text of Euclid’s “Elements” has not reached our time, but nevertheless, the first translation into Latin was allegedly made from Arabic in the 1st quarter of the 12th century. And finally, as soon as they fell, the first printed edition of Euclid’s Elements with drawings in the margins of the book appeared in Venice in 1482!
Around 1490-1492 Leonardo da Vinci(Leonardo da Vinci, 1452-1519) introduced the name “golden ratio” for the drawing of the Vitruvian Man, as an illustration for a book dedicated to the works of Vitruvius (the drawing was called the “square of the ancients” or “Golden Section”). It depicts the figure of a naked man in two superimposed positions: with his arms spread to the sides, describing a circle and a square.
If a human figure - the most perfect creation of the universe - is tied with a belt and then the distance from the belt to the feet is measured, then this value will relate to the distance from the same belt to the top of the head, just as the entire height of a person relates to the length from the waist to the feet.
Second golden ratio.
In 1983, the Bulgarian artist Tsvetan Tsekov-Karandash published calculations showing the presence of a second form of the golden section, which followed from the main section and gives a different ratio of 44: 56 [Magazine "Fatherland" (Bulgaria), 1983, No. 10].
Tsekov-Pencil Tsvetan(1924-2010), Bulgarian cartoonist, illustrator and researcher of the work of Leonardo da Vinci. Died due to an accident that happened to him in December 2009.

"Energetic" properties of the pyramid.

Wikipedia help: Energy pyramids - in New Age ("Western" mysticism) and esotericism this is the name for a structure in the shape of a pyramid, which is supposedly a converter or accumulator (accumulator) of some bioenergy unknown to science.
IN 1864 English (Scottish) astronomer Charles Piazzi Smith(Charles Piazzi Smyth, 1819-1900) went to Egypt and became interested in researching the structure and orientation of the great pyramids. The results of the research are presented in three monographs "Our inheritance in the Great Pyramid" ("Our research of the Great Pyramid", 1864), "Life and work in the great Pyramid" ("Life and work on the Great Pyramid", in 3 volumes, 1867), "On the antiquity of intellectual Man" ("On the antiquity of the intelligent man", 1868). Smith's measurements remain the classic reference for metrology of the Great Pyramid to this day. For this work he was awarded the Keith Prize of the Royal Society of Edinburgh.
However, in these books, Smith emphasized his mystical views and assumptions about the essence of the Great Pyramid at the expense of a strictly scientific approach. This caused a break with many scientists and even Smith’s resignation from the Royal Society of London (1874).
In addition, Smith took the first photographs of the Great Pyramid and its internal passages and chambers using a special camera, and during these photographs, apparently for the first time in photography, he used magnesium as a flash lamp. Smith was, apparently, the first to obtain in his photograph the image of "ghosts" that were not visible to the naked eye at the time of photographing. It is unclear whether this was an astronomer’s joke, his design sophistication in photographing, or an accidental exposure twice, but since then, for a hundred and fifty years, this phenomenon has been actively discussed in publications on “alternative” science, and ghosts appear in photographs with enviable regularity.
IN 1958 Kabbalist and Egyptologist Mikhail Vladimirovich Saryatin(1883-1963) conducted a series of experiments inside the Cheops pyramid, identifying several types of its radiation. Saryatin showed that the radiation of any pyramid has a complex structure and special properties:
a) “Pi” ray, under the influence of which tumor cells are destroyed and microbes are destroyed;
b) The second ray, causing mummification of organic substances (drying) and destruction of microorganisms;
c) The third mysterious ray "Omega", under the influence of which food products that have been in the pyramid do not spoil for a long time, and which has a beneficial effect on the human body, increases its immune properties.
IN 1969 American experimental physicist Luis Alvarez(Luis Alvarez, 1911-1988) used cosmic rays to try to find out whether there were yet to be found (secret) rooms in the pyramid of Khafre. He installed cosmic radiation counters in it and conducted computer research. Alvarez's experiments caused a huge resonance in the scientific world - the geometry of the pyramid inexplicably disrupted the operation of all instruments, forcing scientists to temporarily stop conducting experiments.
IN 1976 year French radiaesthetists (dowsers) Leon Chomery(Leon Chaumery) and Arnold Belizal(Arnold Belizal) first suggested the role of the Great Pyramid as a transmitting station. They proved that, due to the enormous mass, the radiation from the shape of the pyramid reached such a force that from a very long distance, using the model of a small pyramid, it was possible to catch this radiation. Next, without a compass, accurately orient the route of a ship at sea or a camel caravan in the Sahara using a cardboard pyramid.
Chaumery L., Belizal A. de, "Essai de Radiesthésie Vibratoire" ("Essay on Vibrational Radioesthesia"), Paris: Editions Dangles, 1956.
IN 1988 hydrogeological engineer Alexander Efimovich Golod(born 1949) began to conduct the first experiments, when in the Dnepropetrovsk and Zaporozhye regions thousands of hectares were sown with sunflower, corn and sugar beet seeds, processed in a pyramid. The results were impressive: the yield increase ranged from 30 to 50%. Cucumbers from the pyramid stopped suffering from chronic “cucumber” diseases, and also tolerated drought and acid rain with enviable ease.
According to the teachings of Golod, “firstly, proportions: the height of an untruncated pyramid should be related to the side of the base as 2.02:1; secondly, the pyramid itself, if biological objects are supposed to be placed in it, should be slightly truncated. As for the dimensions, then they can be anything, but it is better to make them higher. With the doubling of the pyramid, the impact on the objects placed inside increases millions of times.

Fig.3. Pyramid diagram by engineer A.E. Hunger.

The material for construction can be any dielectric, but the walls must be made as thin as possible. You need to orient the constructed pyramid with its face (any) towards the North Star. Seeds, seedlings and other items that you want to process in the pyramid can be placed anywhere in its internal facility for a period of at least 24 hours."
And one last thing. “The period of “acceleration” of any pyramid to its full radiation power is about three years.”

Bovi-Drbala zone.

The zone is concentrated at a height of 1/3 from the base. A French radioesthetist drew attention to its existence. Andre Bovy(André Bovis, 1871–1947), also called Antoine or Alfred by some authors.
IN 1935 year, Bovey, while exploring the Great Pyramid, discovered in the king’s chamber the remains of several cats and other small animals that had accidentally wandered here. Their corpses looked rather strange: there was no smell and there were no visible signs of decomposition. Surprised by this phenomenon, Bovey examined the corpses and found that they were dehydrated and mummified, despite the humidity in the room. Assuming that the whole point was in the shape of a pyramid, Bovey made a wooden model of the Cheops pyramid, the side of the base of which was 90 centimeters, and oriented it strictly to the north. Inside the pyramid, at one-third of the height, he placed a cat that had just died. A few days later the corpse was mummified. Bovey then experimented with other organic materials, particularly those that deteriorate quickly under normal conditions, such as bovine brains. The food did not spoil, and Bovey concluded that the shape of the pyramid had miraculous properties.
IN 1949 Czechoslovakian radio engineer Karel Drbal(Drbal Karel), inspired by the discovery of the Frenchman Bovy, invented a new way to keep razor blades sharp. He built a 15-centimeter model of the Cheops pyramid out of cardboard, oriented it north and south, and placed a razor blade inside. Drbal claimed that this blade could be used to shave at least 100 times and still remain sharp. The result is recorded in patent No. 91304 dated 04/01/1952 “Method for sharpening razor blades and straight razors.” Application No. R2399-49 dated November 4, 1949. Published on 08/15/1959.
"In accordance with the invention, the blades are stored in the magnetic field of the Earth under the surface of a pyramid of dielectric materials, such as thick paper, wax paper, cardboard, hardened plastic. The pyramid has a hatch of square, round, oval, etc. shape, in which the blades are inserted in. Pyramids with a square base are best, and it is better with a side of the square equal to the height of the pyramid, multiplied by half the Ludolf number. For example, for a height of 10 cm, a base of 15.7 cm is selected. The razor is placed on a substrate of dielectric material, the same. as a pyramid material, or other such as cork, wood, ceramics, paper, wax paper, etc., the height of which is chosen between 1/5 and 1/3 of the height of the pyramid. This substrate lies on a table also made of dielectric. The size of the substrate is chosen so that the blades lie freely on it; its height may differ from the specified range. Although this is not a mandatory requirement, it is recommended to install the razors on the substrate so that their sharp edges are directed to the east and west. and the longitudinal axes are directed north and south respectively."

Fig.4. Scheme of the Cheops pyramid.

Chronal batteries.

Few people know that thermophysicist A.I. Veynik experimentally studied a certain physical (material) connection between biological creatures and the cosmos. The simplest and oldest communication device discovered in the last century (!) is considered to be the huge pyramid of Cheops. Scientists have enthusiastically set about searching for unusual oddities in the properties of the models of this pyramid. To our great regret, they lost sight of the fact that it is not miracles - anomalies - that need to be identified, but fundamentally new radiation, the existence of which modern physics forbade (and forbids) completely.
Veinik, studying the so-called “chronal” radiation of polyhedra, noted [TRP, chapter XVIII, paragraph “5. Chronal batteries”]: “Even more curious is that the ancient Egyptian priests were well aware of the properties of chronal radiation. This is evidenced by geometry - dimensions and configuration - their pyramids. At the location of the sarcophagus with the pharaoh, radiation is concentrated to such high intensity that it has a detrimental effect on many microorganisms: and not only on microorganisms: reports periodically appear in the press that all people who have been in the pyramids for a long time subsequently. they die from unknown diseases. It is chronal radiation that works. It is no coincidence that in Czechoslovakia a plastic model of a pyramid was used instead of a refrigerator for storing perishable foods - microorganisms feel uncomfortable in such a pyramid. And in a small model of a pyramid, blades are even sharpened" [KS].
“However, even simpler and accessible chronal sources for everyone are chronal accumulators, or accumulations, or temporal accumulators - it was with them that I began the study of a truly simple chronal phenomenon” [TRP, p. 332].
"Another type was suggested by the Egyptian pyramids. American researchers have discovered about 150 different exotic effects manifested in the pyramid. Some of them are directly related to the chronal phenomenon. Consequently, a polyhedron with a certain aspect ratio and corresponding orientation in relation to the cardinal points can also serve as a chronal accumulator Polyhedra with the ratio of the lengths of the edges of the Cheops pyramid are very effective: if the side of the square at the base of the pyramid is equal to one, then the height is 0.63, and the side edge is about 0.95" [TRP, p. 332].
“There are other types of effective polyhedra. For example, a cylindrical prism, at the base of which lies a regular heptagon with a side of 7.5 cm; the height of the prism is 17 cm, at the top and bottom it is crowned with seven-sided pyramids with an edge length of 12-12.5 cm, in total 21 edges" [TRP, p. 333].
“Experiments show that any such polyhedron in the general case can be monolithic or hollow, made, for example, from paper, cardboard, plastic, metal, etc. You can also do without faces altogether; it is enough to reproduce only the edges of the polyhedron from wire. This is explained as follows.
As is known, the strength of any field increases with the curvature of its isointension lines. This is where, for example, the tip effect comes from - let's remember the lightning rod pointed at the end. This also applies to the chronal field. The adherence of the latter to the interface between media greatly increases its concentration along the line or at the point of intersection of surfaces, especially if many of them intersect at once, because the curvature of the isochronal lines is great here. As a result, the influence of the surfaces themselves is reduced to a minimum and it is possible to do without them altogether, limiting oneself to only the ribs - the wire frame of the polyhedron, but the area covered by the frame is very significant.
The important role of the interface leads to the fact that the power (capacity) of any described battery is directly related to its size. For the same reason, capillary-porous bodies have a high chronological capacity. The colossal power of chronal radiation in the giant Cheops pyramid becomes clear.
Polyhedra have a set of amazing and varied properties, which depend on the composition and structure of the material, configuration, design and size of the polyhedron, etc. Currently, only a small part of these properties has been deciphered and almost nothing is known about the information they emit. For example, in Czechoslovakia, K. Drbal patented a method for keeping razors and razor knives sharp. After shaving, the blade is placed in a paper, cardboard or plastic Cheops-type pyramid 10 cm high at a height of 1/3 to 1/5 from the base. Changes occur in the material that allow you to shave 50-200 times with one blade (depending on the thickness of the beard). Larger pyramids in Czechoslovakia are used for storing perishable foods, because the chronal field inside the pyramid has a detrimental effect on microbes. This same field preserves mummies in Egyptian and other similar pyramids.
Living nature is well aware of the property of various configuration systems to accumulate chronal matter and widely and skillfully uses this property for its own purposes. For example, V.S. Grebennikov discovered a strong effect of nesting bees and wasps on protozoa and some types of microbes; bee honeycombs with a clearly consistent repeating geometry are especially indicative in this sense.
The nature of the influence of the chronal field on biological and other objects is discussed in more detail below. What is important for us here is that, using the simplest means, it is easy to produce a chronal accumulator, which is necessary for studying the properties of a truly simple chronal phenomenon. Each such battery spontaneously receives radiation from Space, as well as from terrestrial objects, especially biological ones, and after a few hours is ready for use; It reaches maximum power after many days, when it gradually charges not only itself, but also charges all surrounding objects, including the walls of the room. Unfortunately, almost all batteries of this kind are more or less harm the body, especially with prolonged exposure. In this sense, one can sympathize with the people working in the Louvre in Paris, over which a giant glass pyramid was recently built" [TRP, pp. 333-334].
Reference: The glass pyramid of the Louvre is installed in the center of the Napoleonic courtyard (cour Napoléon), it houses the entrance hall, ticket offices, wardrobe and shops, as well as rooms for temporary exhibitions, a lecture hall, and a parking lot. It was built from 1985 to 1989. The prototype was the Cheops pyramid. The architect is Chinese American Yo Ming Pei(English: Ieoh Ming Pei, born 1917).
On March 30, 1989, the official opening of the glass pyramid of the Louvre took place.
Around the large pyramid there are three smaller pyramids, they serve only as portholes. The faces of the pyramids consist entirely of glass segments, thus ensuring optimal illumination of the underground lobby, where the ticket office, information desks and entrances to all three wings of the museum are located.
Somewhat later, Yo Ming Pei returned to his project. On November 18, 1993, he built the so-called "Place du Carrousel" next to the Great Pyramid. inverted pyramid", which serves as another skylight to illuminate the underground halls of the Louvre.
Its height is 7.5 m. With a base length of 13.29 m, each side face of the pyramid has an area of ​​66.6 sq.m. Under the top of the "inverted pyramid", which falls short of the floor of the underground hall by about 1.4 m, is placed a small pyramid three feet high, or slightly less, of polished stone.

Application in metallurgy.

"Of doubtless interest is the effect of a generator (concentrator of cosmic chronal radiation) in the form of a pyramid, made according to the proportions of the famous pyramid of Cheops (Fig. 4). Its faces are oriented along the compass to the north, east, south and west. With the length of the side of the square at the base A, the length ribs B = 0.95 A, height H = 0.63 A. The solidifying casting is placed inside the pyramid at its focus at a distance of one-fifth to one-third of the height - marked in the figure with a double solid vertical line. In pyramids made of roofing iron and. cardboard without a bottom at A = 600 mm, the tensile strength of the previous casting increased by 12%, the yield strength - by 24%, and the elongation decreased by 14%. This option is interesting because it does not require any energy costs. Pyramid material (steel, cardboard. ) has virtually no effect on the properties of the casting.
The colossal penetrating ability of the chronal field makes it possible to control the solidification process of the casting at a distance, determine the position of the crystallization front inside the casting, etc. For example, a tube made of corrosion-resistant steel with a length of 1 m and an internal diameter of 15 mm was directed onto a bismuth casting; through it, the chronal radiation of the casting is supplied to the DG-1 sensor with a quartz microresonator [TRP, p. 342]. The metal in the mold (crucible) first melts and then solidifies, while its chronal field and temperature are simultaneously recorded using a thermocouple mounted in the body of the casting.

The measurement results are presented in Fig. 5. Solid curve 1 corresponds to a change in the frequency of resonant oscillations of a quartz plate (in Hertz), and dashed curve 2 corresponds to a change in the temperature of bismuth (in degrees Celsius, scale on the right). Between vertical dashed lines 3 and 4, the metal in the mold is melted, heat and chronal charge are supplied. The supply of charge is accompanied by an increase in the chronal, which determines the rate (speed) of all processes, including the oscillation frequency of the quartz plate of the sensor. In the liquid state, between straight lines 4 and 5, the charge flows off, the frequency returns to its original (zero) value. Between straight lines 5 and 6, the metal solidifies, heat and charge are removed, and the frequency (and chronal) drops below zero. On temperature curve 2, the processes of melting and solidification correspond to clear horizontal sections that are in good agreement with the chronal curve. Consequently, research shows that the chronal method completely allows for non-destructive remote control of foundry technology" [PVB, pp. 216-219].

Stimulation of vital activity.

“I’ll start with microorganisms. For example, bread yeast in an aqueous solution of sugar at a temperature of 15 ° C, placed in focus and on the diagonal of the base, under the edge, at a distance of 80 mm from the corner of the previous tin pyramid, behaved differently. All the sugar is in focus successfully turned into alcohol, the water became clear, the sediment had a light yellow color, the smell of wine under the rib already after a week was combined with a putrid smell, in the end everything rotted, the color was dark brown, the smell was disgusting. This indicates a different intensity and structure. and the usefulness of chronal radiations within the same pyramid, it can both stimulate and inhibit the vital activity of organisms.
Now about the plants. Under the same conditions, 35 flax seeds were germinated in a glass bottle in damp gauze. After 4 days, 29 seeds sprouted at the focus of the tin pyramid, but not a single one under the edge.
The conditions are the same, but the pyramid is cardboard. After 4 days, not a single grain sprouted in the focus, 15 under the rib. After 11 days, there were 18 and 25 sprouted seeds, and the average length of the sprouts was 40 and 90 mm, respectively. Consequently, not only the zones of the pyramid, but also its material are important for living organisms.
The conditions are the same, but the pyramid consists only of ribs bent from copper wire (busbar) with a cross-section of 3x5 mm. After six days, 20 grains sprouted at the focus, 9 under the rib, the length of the sprouts was 45 (green leaves, well developed) and 17 mm (stunted leaves), respectively. As you can see, the absence of edges did not have a significant impact on the processes; edges are more important.
The effect of the chronal field on living organisms is an endless topic. Here I will only refer to melt water, which has a beneficial effect on plants and animals, stimulating their growth; at one time a lot was written and said about this. From Fig. 5 it can be seen that melting, and therefore melting, according to our experiments, increases the chronal charge and chronal of the substance, which sharply accelerates all life processes. This is the main thing physical essence the problem under discussion. After the charge drains from the thawed water, the effect disappears. For example, molten bismuth discharges after 20 minutes (Fig. 5), water - after an hour or two. To increase the duration of the vacuum, melt water should be kept in a vessel insulated with several layers of plastic film, and each such layer should be separated from the adjacent one by paper. The important role of snow retention in the fields becomes clear: it provides not only additional moisture, but most importantly, when the snow melts, plant growth is chronally stimulated" [PVB, pp. 220-221].
Warning to experimenter. “We must remember that the main functions of regulation of the body at all levels are of a chronal nature. At first, the chronal field is perceived easily, but the effect accumulates and then failures occur” [TRP, p. 392].
February 16 1923 year British expedition led by an archaeologist Howard Carter(Howard Carter, 1874-1939) in the Valley of the Kings near Luxor found the main treasure in the pyramid: the stone sarcophagus of Pharaoh Tutankhamun. When the sarcophagus was opened in February, a golden coffin containing his mummy was found inside. The sarcophagus was gold and contained more than 100 kg of pure gold, and the body of the pharaoh located there was mummified.
In subsequent years, rumors spread about the “curse of the pharaohs,” which allegedly led to the death of 12 “victims of the curse” who were present at the opening of the tomb. The curse is predominantly associated with deaths that occurred over the next few years after the opening of Tutankhamun's tomb.
Sometimes the “curse of the pharaohs” is also attributed to the opening of old burials outside Egypt - the tomb of Tamerlane in Samarkand (1941), the tomb of Casimir the Great in Krakow (1973), the mummy of Otzi in the Alps (1991). The magical nature of the “curse” is denied by science.

Conclusion.

If we ignore the academic zaum, as well as the entertaining mysticism and MES-jumps (mathematical nonsense) of some pseudo-scientific prospectors, you will find that they all attribute today’s knowledge, skills and fantasies to ancient people.
In ancient times (more than 1-2 thousand years ago), people were primarily interested in preserving food. In deserts it was easy to store food under a pile of sand. Any person knew that this heap has the shape of a “cone” with two eternally constant angles (see Fig. 4):
- angle of repose(Alpha αosn) - the angle formed by the surface of the sand cone with the horizontal plane. For dry sand, Alpha base = 34°.
- opening angle(Alpha in) - the angle at the apex of the cone. For dry sand Alpha b = 112°.
Those who were involved in burying the dead probably paid attention to the effect of mummification (German: mumifizieren< араб. мум - воск, благовонная смола) человека (животного) в жарком и сухом воздухе. Естественно, появилась мысль хоронить фараонов в могильных курганах, но не под простой кучей песка, а под каменной пирамидой. Почему? Кучу песка над могилой соплеменника может насыпать каждый египтянин, а вот согнать мужиков в управляемую толпу и заставить её строить каменную кучу особой формы, может только сам будущий покойник - фараон! Сделать снаружи пирамиду ровной более или менее легко, чего не скажешь о размещении камер внутри по некоему плану. Достаточно взглянуть на рис.4 и обнаружится, что точность внутренней планировки пирамиды равна " трамвайной остановке".
The angle of inclination of the side face of the pyramid, also known as the angle of repose (αbas), was chosen to be about 51°50" not for any abstruse reasons, but simply obviously greater than 34°. Sand blown by the wind must be guaranteed to fall from the surface of the pyramid to the ground, where it will pick up, and not spoil the “majestic” appearance of the monastery of the “dried” deceased.
The question remains vague: did the Egyptians connect the mummification of corpses with the “reception” of congratulatory telegrams from extraterrestrial civilizations, the treatment of the pharaonic family, the preservation of especially valuable delicacies, or the sharpening of razor axes?
Jewish writer Sholom Nokhumovich Rabinovich(pseud. Sholom Aleichem, 1859-1916) is credited with a chic phrase that has become a “scientific” law for mathematicians, cosmologists and science fiction writers: “ If you can’t, but really want to, then you can"The conclusion suggests itself: pseudo-scientific prospectors will definitely find the answer!
However, who will study the location and properties of the Bovi-Drbala zone depending on the opening angle (αв). number of faces and material of the pyramid? Who will study the physical properties of the incomprehensible radiation captured by the pyramids, the same one that thermophysicist A.I. Did you call Veynik “chronal”? Who will invent “informationoscopes” to receive information from the “subtle” worlds and decipher it?
Why do all the prospectors focus their remarkable efforts on “extracting” money from the pyramids, first of all, and only in the last place do they notice something unusual?

Additional information.

Pyramid	Age, years	Height, m	Base, m	Corner, Alpha basic	Corner, Alpha in
Cheops (cemetery in Giza)	2560-2540 BC	146,6	230,33	53°10′	~74°
Khafre (cemetery in Giza)	2900-2270 BC.	143,87	215,3	53°10′	~74°
Mikerin (cemetery in Giza)	2540-2520 BC.	65,55	108,4	51°20′25″	~78°
Paris, Louvre	30.03.1989	21,65	35,40	52°	76°
Inverted pyramid, Louvre	18.11.1993	7,5	13,29	52°	76°
Golod A.E., Ramenskoye	1990-2004 demolished	11,0	5,10	76.35°	27.3°
Golod A.E., Seliger	June 1997	22,0	10,69	76.35°	27.3°
Golod A.E., Novorizhskoe highway	30.11.1997	44,0	21,38	76.35°	27.3°
Sneferu "broken" (cemetery in Dahshur)	2613-2589 BC.	104,7	189,4	<49 м - 54°31" >49 m - 43°21"	~94°
Sneferu "pink" (cemetery in Dahshur)	2613-2589 BC.	104,4	218.5 × 221.5	43°36"	~93°

Literature.

TRP. Veynik A.I., “Thermodynamics of real processes”, Minsk: “Navuka and technology”, 1991
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KS. Veinik A.I., “Book of Sorrow”, Minsk: manuscript, 10/03/1981. 287 mash. sheets.
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PVB. Veinik A.I., “Why I believe in God. Study of manifestations of the spiritual world”, Minsk: Belarusian Exarchate Publishing House, (1st edition - 1998, 2nd - 2000; 3rd - 2002; 4th - 2004; 5th - 2007; 6th - 2009).
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