What is an island arrow? Memorial sign "Arrow of Vasilyevsky Island". Spit of Vasilyevsky Island: history of development

Spit of Vasilyevsky Island- cape in the eastern part of the island, washed by the river. Bolshaya Neva and Malaya Neva. At the end of the 16th century. on this territory there was a small village; in 1703 there was an artillery battery of Vasily Korchmin, an associate of Peter I. In the 1700s. on the N.E. o...

ARROW- 1) a narrow alluvial strip of land, a long spit of sand, shell rock, gravel, protruding towards the sea (for example, the Arabat Spit in the Crimea). 2) A piece of land, usually in the form of a sharp wedge between two merging rivers, or the end of an island at … … Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

Islands- Islands. A significant part of Leningrad is located on the islands of the Neva delta. The city center is located on Admiralteysky Island. Islands close to each other form groups: islands of the Petrograd side (Petrogradsky Island, Aptekarsky Island, ... ... Encyclopedic reference book "St. Petersburg"

Islands- A significant part of Leningrad is located on the Neva delta. The city center is located on Admiralteysky Island. Islands close to each other form groups: islands on the Petrograd side (Petrogradsky Island, Aptekarsky Island, Petrovsky ... ... St. Petersburg (encyclopedia)

arrow- And; pl. genus. lok, dat. lkam; and. 1. Decrease to Arrow (1 2 digits). 2. A thin and narrow plate rotating on an axis with a pointed end, serving as an indicator of something. in various measuring instruments. Hour, minute, second. S. compass,... ... encyclopedic Dictionary

Petersburg Islands

St. Petersburg Islands- There is no clarity about how many islands there actually are in St. Petersburg. As of 2002, there are 33 islands with an official name. In addition, in the Gulf of Finland there is the so-called Kronstadt Archipelago ... Wikipedia

ARROW- 1. A cape or part of a territory that looks like an acute angle between 2 merging rivers. 2. Part of the island (for example, in Leningrad, the upper part of Vasilyevsky Island and the lower part of Kamenny Island), which has the appearance of an acute angle in plan. 3. Long narrow... ... Geological encyclopedia

ARROW- ARROW, and, female. 1. see arrow. 2. A thin and narrow plate rotating on an axis, serving as a pointer in various measuring instruments, watches. S. compass. Minute s. 3. A sign in the form of a line, two short ones extend from the end to the swarm at an acute angle... ... Ozhegov's Explanatory Dictionary

Arrow- Arrow: Arrow symbol "→". Arrow pointer, for example in a clock (clock hand), in dial gauges. Strelka is a dog cosmonaut who successfully returned from an orbital flight. The arrow is at the confluence of two or ... Wikipedia

Tell me, what could be more beautiful for a traveler than a wonderful summer day in a stunningly beautiful city?

I remember how, during my stay in Cyprus, one of our native acquaintances, showing some ruined piece of antiquity, repeated with a solemn smile: “This is nice!” (i.e. “That’s cute”!).

We looked at the fragments of the mosaic, the remains of the columns and nodded our heads in understanding. And then I thought that in St. Petersburg we have incomparably more similar and much more grandiose “Nices”! But do we look at them with the same unfeigned love and talk about them with the same delight as our dark friend? I would like you to have a meeting with one of the stunning places in our city on the Neva - the Spit of Vasilyevsky Island.

This is not just “nice”! And, as I think, that Cypriot would put it – “super nice”. I myself adore this place and will try to convey to you a piece of my admiration for it.

Story

Peter I was very fond of Vasilyevsky Island and prescribed its future role as a cultural, commercial and business center of St. Petersburg.

origin of name

How did this magnificent “nice” that I want to tell you about get its name?

If you look at the map, this is the Neva (2) has a division into the Greater (3) and Malaya (4) . Its embankments separate from here - Universitetskaya and Makarova (named after the famous scientist and naval commander). This is the name "Strelka" (1) and determines the location of the bifurcation of the Neva.

First transformations

This sector of Vasilyevsky Island is located on a hill. Immediately after the conquest of these lands from the Swedes, saw mills appeared here, where wooden blanks were produced for the construction of the Admiralty Shipyard.
I note that in 1707 Vasilyevsky Island was promised by Sovereign Peter to his comrade-in-arms, Prince Menshikov, but already in 1714 he returned to the city (Menshikov only received the estate).

And Strelka was divided into plots for the estates of those close to the imperial court, among whom were the Great’s sister Natalya, Tsarina Praskovya Fedorovna, the Stroganov princes and other “historical figures”... Soon, by 1716, palaces and mansions of some of them appeared here.

But all of them were erected without a specific unifying plan for the construction. The most representative were the houses of Stroganov and Demidov. Tsar Peter’s approval of the first project for the development of Vasilyevsky Island took place in January 1716. It belonged to Domenic Trezzini.

The architect Leblon, who came to Russia from France, made his own adjustments in 1717, but they did not satisfy the emperor. The case was again transferred to Trezzini. The approval of the final project took place in April 1722.
Previously, in 1718, a building was founded on the Spit of Vasilyevsky Island.

After the Sovereign approved the Trezzini plan, the construction of the Mytny and Gostiny courtyards, as well as the building of the Twelve Colleges, began.

I know that this architect also intended to erect a cathedral on Strelka. But somehow it so happened that a suitable sketch for the temple was not found. As a result, the cathedral never appeared here. The installation of the monument to the founder of the city, Peter the Great, who created Rastrelli, also “didn’t work out.” Today it is located near the Mikhailovsky (Engineers) Castle.

After the sea trade port was transferred to Strelka in the 20s of the 18th century, in its northern part there appeared: a wooden building of the Exchange, Customs (today - the Museum of Russian Literature - Pushkin House).

Ships dock here, and on the square there is a lively trade in foreign wonders, including even rare animals - parrots, monkeys, reptiles.

Among the luxury items here it was possible, according to the writer N.I. Novikov, to purchase “French swords of various types, lace snuff boxes, fringes, cuffs, ribbons, and all sorts of haberdashery items; Dutch feathers in bundles, pins and other fashionable goods; and from St. Petersburg they were already loading hemp, iron, lard, candles, linens, etc. onto those ships.” Also, several buildings were allocated for port needs on Strelka.

After the fire that occurred in the Kunstkamera in the middle of the 18th century, a new small pavilion was built opposite the building of the Twelve Colleges for the recreated famous Gottorp Globe. Since 1753, the square formed on the Spit of Vasilyevsky Island has been called Kollezhskaya on city plans.

New stages of transformation

The next development project for the Spit of Vasilyevsky Island was partially implemented by the architect Quarenghi. A young building of the Academy of Sciences appeared near the Kunstkamera.

By the end of the 18th century, the still insufficiently organized appearance of the area did not fit into the overall landscaped panorama of the capital. To eliminate this shortcoming, a joint architectural project by the Frenchman Thomas de Tolly and the Russian architect A.D. Zakharov was approved.

In addition, the “Commission for the construction of the exchange building and lining the banks of the Neva with stone” was formed. By 1810, this organization was modernizing Cape Strelki. Its newly artificially formed oval-shaped protrusion served as the main port pier. Rostral columns were installed on the sides of the resulting square - symbols of the maritime glory of St. Petersburg. The new Exchange building became the architectural center of Strelka.

To the west of it was Kollezhskaya Square, to the east - Birzhevaya. Here the Strelka was lined with granite with slopes to the Neva, decorated with large balls of stone resting on pedestals.

I read that their creator, stonemason Samson Sukhanov, did not use any measuring devices other than his eye.

Since by the middle of the 19th century ships with deep draft were no longer able to navigate the Neva, the port was moved to Gutuevsky Island in 1885.

Arrow at the dawn of the 20th century

Gostiny Dvor fell into disrepair and was dismantled. Now in the Petrovskaya Aquatoria Museum we can only see its model (you can find out more about the exhibition).

During the same period, Kollezhskaya Square also disappeared. It was replaced by the building of the Clinical Institute. A garden is being organized on Cape Strelki (sketch by I.P. Wiese). The sculptural compositions were performed by D. I. Jensen. And the fence and benches were made at the F.C. San Galli enterprise. A significant event also took place in 1916, when the left bank of the Neva was intertwined with the Strelka by the solid Palace Bridge.

In the pre-revolutionary years of the 20th century, Strelka saw and heard a lot of different propaganda and speeches. In April 1917, Stalin spoke in front of the Exchange (there was even a memorial plaque on it in honor of “this fragment from the life of the father of nations”).

Spit of Vasilyevsky Island under the USSR

The Soviet period began for the Spit of Vasilyevsky Island with ... festivities and theatrical performances. The famous production of “Towards a World Commune” took place here on July 19, 1920. 4,000 actors and extras took part in it. At the same time, the central hall of the Exchange was allocated for dressing rooms and costume rooms. Other performances were “from the same opera.” For example, “The Mystery of Liberated Labor.”

After a wave of entertainment events on Strelka, a vegetable garden was developed. He helped the townspeople a lot in times of famine. But in 1924, this innovation, as well as the square, were destroyed by flooding. The modern small park on Strelka appeared already in 1926.

Powerful granite pedestals with chains now acted as a fence. After another 10 years, the cobblestone pavement on Birzhevaya Square was replaced with asphalt. During the same period, in 1937, Birzhevaya Square was renamed Pushkinskaya (to mark the 100th anniversary of the poet’s death and due to the immediate proximity of the Pushkin House).

I note that during the blockade of the city during the Great Patriotic War, several anti-aircraft batteries were located on Strelka: on the cape and at the Rostral Columns, which were heavily damaged by enemy shelling.

The modern appearance of Strelka was formed in 1960, when a brother identical to the Palace Bridge, Birzhevoy Bridge, was thrown across the Neva.

The original name of the square (Birzhevaya instead of Pushkinskaya) nevertheless returned in 1989.

Our days

I would like to list for you those “surprising” and “interesting” things that you can visit and simply inspect while walking in this area of ​​St. Petersburg today.

Good traditions

I want to tell you about the interesting traditions that have developed around this wonderful place:

How to get to the Spit of Vasilyevsky Island

You can get here from several metro stations, which I mainly use myself. I really don’t like traffic jams and waiting for ground transport in bad weather in the wind. Therefore, I will offer various routes, and it’s up to you to choose:

Finally

So I told you about one of the “nice” of our city, or rather, about its precious gem. And we have them - it’s not like there’s enough for one magic necklace, but there’s a whole fabulous treasury!

So come and choose what you like best.

It is such unique places as the Spit of Vasilievsky Island that culturally enrich us and delight us with the diversity of their treasures. And so, truly, we take pride in our country and its heritage, which today people all over the world admire - our “supernays”.

It is from the Spit of Vasilyevsky Island that perhaps the most beautiful St. Petersburg panorama will open before you.

Just don’t forget about your umbrella, our weather is very capricious.

Spit of Vasilyevsky Island in St. Petersburg. A beautiful and harmonious architectural ensemble on the eastern tip of Vasilyevsky Island, formed by the Exchange, Rostral Columns, Exchange Square, customs buildings, southern and northern warehouses in the first half of the 19th century according to the design of J.-F. Thomas de Thomon and I. F. Luchini.

The territory of the present Strelka remained undeveloped for a long time, despite the fact that Vasilievsky Island itself began to be actively developed at the beginning of the 18th century under Peter I. First, the city port was moved here, but later it was shifted to the north. The first plan for transforming the square was adopted in 1767, however, the first building - the majestic Bourse building - was erected by the architect J.-F. Thomas de Thomon only in 1805-1810, at the same time the Rostral columns appeared here. The buildings, spreading out with wings towards the Exchange, were built in 1826-1832, with their appearance the Strelka ensemble was finally formalized.

The famous semicircular ledge of the Strelka is of artificial origin - for its arrangement, soil was added to the river bed, which increased the length of the cape by 123.5 meters towards the river. Initially it was intended for the front pier of the seaport, but in 1894 it was decided to organize a small garden with vases, paths and benches on it. The modern park on Strelka was created in 1925-1926 according to the design of L. A. Ilyin.

The Spit of Vasilyevsky Island is one of the most favorite places for citizens and guests of the city; this beautiful place fascinates with its harmonious unity of water space and urban architecture. It is clearly visible both from the Peter and Paul Fortress and from the Trinity Bridge, as well as from pleasure steamers and boats. Panorama of Strelka is one of the most recognizable views of St. Petersburg.

During the Leningrad Siege, the crew of anti-aircraft batteries was located on Strelka.

The arrow of Vasilyevsky Island with the Exchange building is depicted on the Russian 50-ruble banknote.

In 2006-2009, the largest floating singing fountain in Russia operated near the Spit of Vasilyevsky Island.

The St. Petersburg wedding tradition is also connected with the Vasileostrovskaya Strelka - newlyweds must break a bottle of champagne on the quay wall so that the family voyage will be long and happy.

Note to tourists:

A visit to the Spit of Vasilievsky Island will be interesting for tourists interested in the architecture of the first half of the 19th century, and can also become one of the points of the excursion program while exploring the neighboring attractions included in the architectural ensemble - the buildings of the northern and southern warehouses (where the Central Museum of Soil Science is located, respectively). and Zoological Museum). In addition, next to the Spit of Vasilyevsky Island there are

WITH The arrowhead of Vasilyevsky Island is one of the most fascinating architectural ensembles of the city.
Unfortunately (in my opinion) it was ruined by bridges - Dvortsov and Birzhevoy, but what to do, the city needs highways...

Vasilievsky Island began to be built up back in the times of Peter the Great.

Plan of the estate of A. D. Menshikov on the Spit of Vasilyevsky Island. 1714 Fixation drawing.

In 1716, the project of the architect Domenico Trezzini was approved, according to which a closed trapezoidal square was to appear here, surrounded along the perimeter by residential buildings. However, Peter I soon decided to make the arrow the cultural and business center of the city.

In the 1730s, the port was moved here and the exchange, customs, and goods warehouses were located in these buildings. Between the academic and shopping complexes there was a vast, undeveloped area.

Date of creation: end. XVIII century Fragment of the drawing "Games on the frozen Neva".

In the 1750s, in the middle of the square, according to the design of I. Ya. Schumacher, a special pavilion for the Gottorp Globe was erected. According to the plan of 1767, approved by the Commission on the stone structure of St. Petersburg and Moscow, the empty territory should have been designed into a horseshoe-shaped square. In six years from 1783 to 1789, according to the design of Giacomo Quarenghi, the main building of the Academy of Sciences, as well as the concave part of the northern warehouse (1795-1797), was built on the banks of the Bolshaya Neva.

Chesky I., View of the Spit of Vasilyevsky Island in St. Petersburg from the Neva. 1816 Copy from a painting by M. Shotoshnikov.

In 1805-1810, the architect Thomas de Tomon built a new Exchange building on the empty square between these areas, meeting the needs of the growing Russian economy. The majestic building is made in the style of ancient temples. In front of the building, the architect installed two Rostral columns with allegorical figures at the foot, personifying the great Russian rivers: the Volga, Dnieper, Neva and Volkhov. The ensemble is completed by the buildings of the southern and northern warehouses and customs, diverging from the Exchange with wings, built in 1826-1832 by the architect I. F. Luchini.

The arrow was extended by filling soil by 150 m, the resulting area was called Birzhevaya.

The rostral columns were erected in 1810 according to the design of the French architect Thomas de Thomon, who decorated them with ship rostras. This personification shows the power and greatness of the state's navy, and also refers to the ancient Roman custom of decorating the columns with rostra (Latin rostra, plural of Latin rostrum, the bow of a ship) of defeated (captured) enemy ships. Their opening took place in 1815.

The sculptures at the Rostral columns were made by sculptors J. Camberlain and J. Thibes. Bronze was first chosen as the material for the sculptures, but due to the complexity of its processing, the choice fell on Pudost limestone, mined in the village of Pudost, Gatchina region. Soft and elastic in the ground, limestone hardens quickly once brought to the surface, creating a strong and majestic foundation. The male figure at the northern column was made by Camberlain, the rest were created by J. Thibault.

Initially they were lighthouses, and in the 19th century the columns served as lanterns for the port of the northern capital. It was already difficult to get confused)))

Inside each column is a spiral staircase leading to the upper observation deck with a huge bowl-lamp and a metal tripod holding it. Hemp oil was poured into the bowl, giving a huge pillar of fire, indicating the path for ships in the darkness of the night or the veil of fog. This was the case until 1896, when electricity was supplied to the columns.

In 1957, for reasons of economy, gas was supplied to the lighthouses and now these days they are lit only on special occasions.

At the foot of the columns there are two male and two female figures, which, according to a common hypothesis, allegorically represent the great rivers of Russia: at the northern column - the Volga and Dnieper, at the southern - the Neva and Volkhov.

However, this hypothesis has no justification; Thomas de Thomon himself wrote: “the base of each column is decorated with huge figures that symbolize the deities of the sea and commerce.”

Exchange building.

In 1926, the chief architect of the city, Lev Aleksandrovich Ilyin, proposed building a park on Birzhevaya Square. The decision was successful; the square fit harmoniously into the architectural ensemble.

A few years later, when the country was preparing to solemnly celebrate the 100th anniversary of the death of Pushkin, it was decided to name one of the squares in Leningrad in honor of the poet. The choice fell on Birzhevaya.

It was planned to erect a monument to Pushkin in the center of the square. The anniversary of the poet’s death was celebrated on a grand scale, Leningraders sadly joked: “What a life, such are the holidays!”

But life, fortunately, has changed. A more suitable place was found for the monument to Pushkin, and in 1989 Birzhevaya Square was returned to its previous name.

Spit of Vasilyevsky Island (St. Petersburg, Russia) - description, history, location, reviews, photos and videos.

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The Spit of Vasilyevsky Island - one of the oldest landmarks of St. Petersburg - was founded during the time of Peter I as a business, educational and government center of the city. According to the design of the Italian D. Trezzini, palaces for noble families, Gostiny Dvor and the Kunstkamera were founded here in 1716. In the 30s In the 18th century, a port was founded on Strelka, and the manor's palaces were occupied by the exchange, customs and warehouses. After 100 years, the exchange building was rebuilt by the French architect J. F. Thomas de Thomon. The Kunstkamera, or Cabinet of Curiosities, is still in operation today.

What to see

The Strelka panorama is a favorite subject for postcards and photo shoots. In the center it is decorated with the stock exchange building with a colonnade, on the sides there are former warehouses, where the Zoological Museum and the Museum of Soil Science are now located. The highlight of this place is given by the rostral columns, which served as beacons and a reminder of the naval victories of the Russian Empire.

There is a square on Birzhevaya Square, in the center of which lies the anchor of the Peter the Great era, and a little further there is a memorial sign in honor of the 300th anniversary of St. Petersburg. Trees with ball-shaped crowns are planted along the perimeter of the embankment. The Strelka offers a magnificent view of the Neva, Palace Embankment, and the Hermitage; it’s the best place to watch the fireworks from here.

Practical information

Address: St. Petersburg, Birzhevaya sq. Coordinates: 59.944259, 30.307137.

How to get there: by car - from Moskovsky railway station along Nevsky Prospect and Palace Bridge; from the Admiralteyskaya metro station 15 minutes on foot or by bus No. 5M, 191, trolleybus No. 7 (2 stops).